Hemophilia Essay Research Paper 1 free essay sample

Hemophilia Essay, Research Paper ( 1 ) In the human organic structure, each cell contains 23 braces of chromosomes, one of each brace inherited through the egg from the female parent, and the other inherited through the sperm of the male parent. Of these chromosomes, those that determine sex are X and Y. Females have XX and males have XY. In add-on to the information on sex, # 8216 ; the Ten chromosomes carry determiners for a figure of other characteristics of the organic structure including the degrees of factor VIII and factor IX. # 8217 ; 1 If the familial information finding the factor VIII and IX degree is faulty, haemophilia consequences. When this happens, the protein factors needed for normal blood curdling are effected. In males, the individual X chromosome that is effected can non counterbalance for the deficiency, and therefore will demo the defect. In females, nevertheless, merely one of the two chromosomes will be unnatural. ( unless she is luckless plenty to inherit hemophilia from both sides of the household, which is rare. ) 2 The other chromosome is likely to be normal and she can hence compensate for this defect. There are two types of hemophilia, haemophilia A and B. Haemophilia A is a familial upset in which hemorrhage is due to lack of the curdling factor VIII ( VIII: C ) 3. In most of the instances, this coagulant protein is reduced but in a rare sum of instances, this protein is present by immunochemical assay but defective.4 Haemophilia A is the most common terrible shed blooding upset and about 1 in 10,000 males is effected. The most common types of shed blooding are into the articulations and musculuss. Haemophilia is terrible if the factor VIII: Degree centigrade degrees are less that 1 % , they are moderate if the degrees are 1-5 % and they are mild if they degrees become 5+ % .5 ( 2 ) Those with mild hemophilias bleed merely in response to major injury or surgery. As for the patients with terrible hemophilias, they can bleed in response to comparatively mild injury and will shed blood spontaneously. In hemophiliac, the degrees of the factor VIII: Degree centigrade are reduced. If the plasma from a haemophiliac individual mixes with that of a normal individual, the Partial thrombokinase clip ( PTT ) should go normal. Failure of the PTT to go normal is automatically diagnostic of the presence of a factor VIII inhibitor. The criterion intervention of the hemophiliac is chiefly the extract of factor VIII dressed ores, now heat-treated to cut down the opportunities of transmittal of AIDS.6 In the instance of minor hemorrhage, the factor Eight: C degrees should merely be raised to 25 % with one extract. For moderate hemorrhage, # 8216 ; it is equal to raise the degree ab initio to 50 % and maintain the degree at greater that 25 % with repeated extract for 2-3 yearss. When major surgery is to be performed, one raises the factor VIII: C degree to 100 % and so maintains the factor degree at greater than 50 % continuously for 10-14 days. # 8217 ; 7 Haemophilia B, the other type of hemophilia, is a consequence of the lack of the curdling factor IX # 8211 ; besides known as Christmas disease. This sex-linked disease is caused by the decreased sum of the factor IX. Unlike haemophilia A, the per centum of it # 8217 ; s occupance due to an abnormally functioning molecule is larger. The factor IX lack is 1/7 every bit common as factor VIII lack and it is managed with factor VIII concentrates. Unlike factor VIII dressed ores which have a half life of 12 hours, the half life of factor IX concentrates is 18 hours. In add-on, factor IX P > ( 3 ) dressed ores contain a figure of other proteins, including activated cloting factors that contribute to a hazard of thrombosis. Therefore, more attention is needed in hemophilia B to make up ones mind on how much concentration should be used. The forecast of the hemophiliac patients has been transformed by the handiness of factor VIII and factor IX replacing. The confining factors that consequence include disablement from perennial articulation hemorrhage and viral infections such as hepatitis B from recurrent transfusion.8 Since most hemophiliacs are male and merely their female parent can base on balls to them the deficient cistron, a really of import issue for the households of hemophiliac now is placing which females are bearers. One manner to find this is to gauge the sum of factor VIII and IX nowadays in the adult female. However, while a low degree confirms the bearer position, a normal degree does non except it. In add-on, the factor VIII and IX blood degrees are known to fluctuate in people and will increase with emphasis and gestation. As a consequence, merely a anticipation of the bearer position can be given with this method. Another method to find the bearer position in a adult female is to look straight at the Deoxyribonucleic acid from a little blood sample of several members of the household including the hemophiliac. In Canada, modern operations include Chorionic Villous Sampling ( CVS ) and it helps analyse the Deoxyribonucleic acid for markers of hemophilia at 9-11 hebdomads of gestation. ( Fig. 1 ) 9 A little investigation is inserted through the cervix of the female parent uterus or through the venters under local anesthetics. A bantam sample from the placenta is removed and sent for Deoxyribonucleic acid analysis. ( 4 ) Since this procedure can be done at 9-11 hebdomads after gestation, the gestation is in it # 8217 ; s comparatively early phases and a determination by the female parent ( and father ) to end the gestation will non be as physically or emotionally demanding on the female parent than if she had it performed in the late phases of the gestation. Traveling back to the hemophiliac, many have become seropositive for HIV infections transmitted through factor VIII and IX dressed ores and many have developed AIDS. In Canada, the two drugs presently undergoing clinical proving for intervention of HIV disease are AZT and DDI. For the usage of AZT, the major complication is suppression of normal bone marrow activity. This consequences in low ruddy and white blood cell counts.The former can take to terrible weariness and the latter to susceptibleness to infections.10 DDI is provided as a pulverization, which must be reconstructed with H2O instantly prior to utilize. The most common inauspicious consequence so far is the failing in the custodies and legs. However, it appears that DDI is free of the bone marrow.11 AZT and DDI both represent the first coevals of anti-retroviral drug and it is the hope of many people that they will be followed by less toxic and more effectual drugs. As it can be seen, haemophilia is one of those sex-linked diseases that must affect the heritage of both recessionary and deficient chromosomes. It is largely found in males and since every male has a Y chromosome, it is a general regulation that the male will non go through it to his male progenies. Haemophiliacs can hold either inherited the disease or they could hold had a mutant. In either instance, these people must seek to populate a normal life and must avoid any activities that can ensue in injury. # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ; # 8212 ;

HIP HOP PROMOTES VIOLENCE essays

HIP HOP PROMOTES VIOLENCE essays Hip Hop was once the African-American experiences and the voices of their people being told throughout music in the early 1990s. African-American youth experiences came about from the rise in police brutality, the crack cocaine epidemic, and its prison industrial complex counterparts. Its growing commercial appeal such as the music videos and soundtracks provided a dangerous outlet for the generation's frustration. "Gangsta rap" claims to speak of the new wealth of poor inner city youngsters. On the other hand with all the disadvantages of inner city life, hip hop culture and its economic components have failed in using its wealth to solve the public policy unfairness that frame urban societies. Despite the millions of dollars flowing to and through the rap music industry and the so called hip hop or urban clothing industry, very little if any of it has gone to support strategies geared at empowering African-Americans within American capitalism. An example of this is in Talib Kweli's 2000 song African Dream lyrics that say, "These cats drink champagne to toast death and pain like slaves on a ship talkin' 'bout who got the flyest chains". Kweli speaks directly about the phony value of fleeting wealth and the failure of hip hop wealth to actually better the quality of African American life. Many rap artists proudly admit that they are only concerned with discussing sex and money in their music. They cut off the idea that they should be troubled with "serious" topics or that hip hop artists have to promote race consciousness. They arrogantly discard the "role-model" label and do not want to take any responsibilities. Hip hop's recent obsession with money, fascination with crime, and complete violation of women signal the absorption of the generation into a mainstream psychology and social ethic. Many including African Americans see the ruthless pursuit of individual wealth as an American dream, and for the hip hop genera...

Short Writes Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Short Writes - Article Example Katie Fallon argues over priorities, she believes that people must feel accountable for disturbing the natural balance in the wake of temporary economic gains. Coal mining is centuries hold occupation for people living in West Virginia. Coal is definitely an energy efficient fossil fuel, but the side effects that it leaves on the environment, and the health of the people challenges its usefulness. Almost 95% of the power generation in West Virginia is carried out by burning of coal, whereas the overall contribution of coal in energy production is 35% nationwide. Therefore, the author believes that people should unite and take a step in preserving and protecting the water bodies in Western Virginia. Definitely, burning of fossil fuels and other associated industrial activities has damaging effect on the environment. Katie Fallon is right when she blames the inhabitants of West Virginia for showing irresponsibleness. Her desire for the restoration of West Virginia is valid, because the scenario that has been express by the author is more than just alarming; it appears as an emergency situation that demands emergency measures. To further elaborate her arguments, Katie Fallon have used a narrative style; all the clauses of her arguments are more or less first hand experiences. Since, she is the inhabitant of that place her concerns for the upcoming generations of West Virginia are understandable. She claims that her ancestors were involved in coal mining, however, she argues that the times have changed, and so has the technology, therefore, the people need to accept the mistakes that they have committed in the past, and they should look towards restoration. Overall the article cannot be rated as 100% convincing, there were a few loop holes in the text, moreover, at times while reading this blogpost it seems that there are few missing junctions in the article. However, Katie Fallon has been successful in conveying her message, and the data

Development of a microfluidic device for extraction Essay

Development of a microfluidic device for extraction - Essay Example This newly microfluidic device for protein extraction may find an application in the area of proteomic research. Keywords: Microfluidic device; Sol-gel; Silica monolith; Protein extraction; Octadecyl (C18) 1. Introduction It is becoming increasingly important in the development of new medicines to use important a microfluidic tool for identifying proteins implicated in disease pathways. As the search for novel molecules to tackle diseases increases, the need to identify proteins on biological targets also increases. Efficient extraction of proteins is the most critical step for proteomics by removing the interfering materials and improving the detection sensitivity (Ahn & Wang, 2008). The recently invented silica monolithic materials are highly permeable to liquid flow and have high mass transport compared with the packed beds. Moreover, the monolithic stationary phase does not need frits, which can cause air bubbles to form and the proteins can be adsorbed into the frits and remain trapped (Cabrera et al., 2002 ). Fabrication silica monolith inside the microfluidic devices can decrease the volume of the sample and the reagents, and reduce the time of the analysis (Girault et al., 2004). Bienvenue et al. (2006) have observed that the negative aspect of the sol-gel monolith in microfluidic device is the fact that it shrinks while the monolith is formed. They further explain that this is can then cause the creation of an opening between the silica network and the microchip wall resulting in reduced surface area for protein adsoption. The aim of this contribution is to investigate the fabrication of a simple microfluidic device contained in a crack-free silica monolith to decrease sample handling, reduce contamination, be truly portable, and decrease analysis time. Moreover, its aim is to modify the surface of the silica monolith to Octadecyl silica (ODS) to use it for pre-concentration and extraction of proteins. 2. Materials and methods 2.1. Chemicals and materi als Poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) MW=10,000 Da, trimethylchlorosilane, tetramethylorthosilicate 99 % (TMOS), chlorodimethyloctadecylsilane 95 %, 2,6-lutidine 99 %, NaCl, and trizma base were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Poole, UK) and used as received without any further purification. Bovine pancreas insulin, bovine heart cytochrome C, chicken egg white lysozyme, ?-lactoglobulin from milk bovine, haemoglobin from human, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were purchased from the same. Nitric acid, ammonia, toluene, HPLC grade acetonitrile (ACN), and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) was obtained from Fisher Scientific UK Ltd. (Loughborough, UK). MicroTight Adapter was purchased from Kinesis (Cambs, UK). Poly (ether ether ketone) (PEEK) tubing was purchased from Anachem (Luton, UK). 2.2. Instrumentation Baby bee syringe pump from Bioanalytical System Inc. (West Lafayette, USA). The instrument used for detection was HPLC-UV detection: 785A UV/Visible Detector from Perkin Elmer (California, USA). T he reversed-phase analytical column was Symmetry C8 column, 4.6 mm ? 250 mm packed with silica particles (size 5 Â µm) from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Loughborough, UK). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) (EVO 60. Manufacturer: Carl Zeiss Ltd. (Welwyn Garden City, UK). SEMPREP 2 Sputter Coater from Nanotechnology Ltd. (Sandy, UK). 2.3. Fabrication of the silica-based

Binge Drinking Patients and Effects on Staff Literature review

Binge Drinking Patients and Effects on Staff - Literature review Example Although the A&E attendances caused because of alcohol consumption may occur any time throughout the day, yet most of them happen during weekends and at nights when the tendency of people to consume alcohol is maximal (Pirmohamed et al., 2000). The male attendances outnumber the female attendances by more than twice and most of these attendees are young adults lesser than 40 years of age, which suggests that a vast majority of binge drinkers are young adults (Pirmohamed et al., 2000). The tendency of being involved in the alcohol-related violence in men is twice as much as that in women. 50 per cent of the injuries are related to neck and head and almost 25 per cent of the victims are hospitalized (Wright and Kariya, 1997). Binge drinking is one of the main causes of physical violence and verbal abuse of the healthcare professionals serving in the A&E departments. The effects of patients with the effects of binge drinking appearing in the A&E departments on the staff have been measur ed in different countries and most of the research studies have invariably estimated high level of danger and risks for the staff. In Australia, 2.3 per cent of the overall burden of disease could be attributed to alcohol in the year 2003 that was equivalent to 61091 life years adjusted for disability (Harvard et al., 2011). The burden of harm caused by binge drinking in Australia has been found to be disproportionately high in the rural areas as compared to the urban areas. Departments that are usually affected the most are the inner city departments and the healthcare professionals assuming the maximal risk of assaults are nurses and male doctors. The healthcare providers in general and the staff at the emergency departments in particular have many concerns of safety while dealing with the binge drinkers. One of the nurses interviewed by Gunasekara et al. (2011) expressed these concerns in these words, â€Å"I

Strategies to Prevent Child Injuries

Strategies to Prevent Child Injuries Table of Contents CHILDHOOD INJURIES Introduction The significance of child injury Health education strategies Strategy 1: to Educate the general public regarding risks of injury and the effective methods to avoid child injuries Strategy 2: to Develop new venues for imparting child injury awareness programs in schools, communities and professionals Strengths: Weaknesses: Social change strategies Strategy 1: Legislation and enforcement Strategy 2: modification of products Strengths: Weaknesses: Strategies that reflect either the medical, behavioral and/or empowerment Approach. Strategy 1: rehabilitation and Care Strategy 2: Health Care and Health Systems Strengths: Weaknesses: Recommendations for future health promotion Conclusion References CHILDHOOD INJURIES Introduction Urgent consideration is needed to handle the issue of child injuries over the world. There have been extensive shifts in the epidemiological examples of child demise; while incredible advancement has been made in counteracting infectious illnesses, the introduction of children and teenagers to the dangers of injury seem, by all accounts, to be increasing and will keep on doing so in the near future (Hyder, 2003). The global focus of children well being interventions’ has been on decreasing mortality of kids less than 5 years to accomplish the Millennium Development Goals. This has implied that the 5-18-year age bunch, in which injuries make up an incredible weight, has received less consideration. Without a doubt over the entire age range of children, the issue of child injuries is almost always absent from talks and is generally imperceptible in policies. In the December of 2008, WHO along with the United Nations Children’s Fund, published the first of its kind World report on child injury prevention, stressing the problem internationally (Sminkey, 2008). The significance of child injury Injury is a leading cause of death and misery among children aged one, and rises to become the main cause of demise among children in the age group of 10 to 19 years. Every year, nearly 950 000 young children less than 18 years of age die as a consequence of an injury. Almost 90% of these, i.e., around 830 000 die because of accidental injuries which is about the same count that pass away from measles, whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus and polio consolidated (Meddings, 2011). A large portion of these accidental wounds is the aftereffect of street car accidents, drowns, burns, falls and poisoning, with the most noteworthy rates happening in low-wage and middle wage nations (Lewit Baker, 1995). The significance of child injury can be concealed by an emphasis on the significant concerns for mortality of young children who are under 5 years of age, which in many countries do not add to the injury. In fact, even in areas where deaths due to injuries are known to be under reported and child survival is decided basically by perinatal reasons, lower respiratory tract infections, measles, stomach ailments and malaria, child injury has an effect on death rates of kids under 5 years and includes a large extent of children passings after the age of 5 years (Smith Pless, 1994). In nations that have gained significant progress in wiping out or decreasing child deaths from different other reasons, nonetheless, child injury obviously arises as a major issue (Johnston, 2008). For instance, in high-salaried nations, accidental injuries represent about 40% of all young deaths, despite the fact that these nations for the most part have generously lower child injury casualty rates than low- and middle income nations. Health education strategies Instruction, development of skills and behavior modification programs for children and their parents ought to be consolidated as one part of a varied child injury avoidance system, yet ought not be utilized as stand-alone measures as there is no confirmation that this sort of project decreases risk of injury in the absence of any other safety measures. Strategy 1: to Educate the general public regarding risks of injury and the effective methods to avoid child injuries Education is an establishment to help, coach and guide parents, guardians, and organizations to settle on better decisions for childrens health and security. Formal training can prepare the general population with tools to diminish injuries to children. Also, along with increasing the knowledge aptitudes, child injury training can help parents, caregivers and the public make the fundamental moves to make more secure situations at home, at play, and even while the child is out on the roads. Knowledge about child injury avoidance can serve as a premise for enhancing safety gadgets and changing approach and practices in the communities at large. Actions that can be taken for this include- Integration of child injury prevention education into various efforts for child health promotion like- infant and early childhood programs. This can also be incorporated into maternal programs. General education to the decision makers of the society like the lawmakers, administration of the school and various business leaders should be provided about the burdens child injuries can have, the need for prevention, how it can save money and what are its health benefits publically. The knowledge imparted should be put to practice by making or strengthening associations with research organizations, individuals working in injury prevention and with all those working with children and their families directly. Textbooks, periodicals and newspapers should contain information regarding the importance of prevention of child injuries. Strategy 2: to Develop new venues for imparting child injury awareness programs in schools, communities and professionals Educational material regarding Child injury prevention should occupy an important place in educational curriculum and even in the training and practice to professionals. Prevention of Injury can be coordinated into numerous courses and settings and ought not be constrained to education on health and the promotion of safety. Education pertaining to child injury can take place in parenting classes, language training classes, vocational training, etc. to achieve this certain action can be taken like- Internship opportunities for child injury prevention can be established at agencies and other organizations are various levels –local, state and national level. Training modules on how child injury programs can be implemented should be developed. This should include evaluation, communication, risks and ways to advocate them. The internet and other technology should be used to improve the access to the training for child injury prevention. Training which pertains to child injury in fields like science, engineering, transportation and architecture should be provided. All mothers who are expecting and their families should be educated and trained in child injury and emergency response in case of an injury. Strengths: Education and training are a crosscutting strategy that can impact other facets of injury prevention. It is considered to have a more formal connection, with the plan to propel change. Child injury prevention training should be integrated into more extensive educational projects, creating powerful, instructive materials, cataloging and offering what works, and paying consideration on instructive needs and services at all levels from essential instruction to expert proceeding with training. Weaknesses: Not all people can be educated at once and this will require a continuous effort. Social change strategies Unplanned and Fast urbanization keeps on creating comps, casual urban settlements and slums, which pose as high dangers of child injuries all across the world. Motorization likewise influences child injury hazard. Streets have dependably been risky spots for children, yet the development rate of traffic, and the overall change in transport frameworks to the streets, implies that the issue is progressively squeezing (Executive summary: reducing childhood pedestrian injuries, 2002). Street injuries as of now are the main reason for death in the age group of 15–19 years and the second driving reason for death among children aged 10–14 year. Injuries and deaths from street car accidents are estimated to rise drastically over the world in the advancing decades (Chalmers, 2010). Ecological change might likewise have an effect on child injury rates. Young children can be presented to injury hazards either through an increase in extreme occasions that pose dangers straightforwardly, for example, flooding or mud streams, dry spells, rise in sea level, etc. Poor kids in low- and middle wage nations, who frequently stay in over burdened casual urban settlements or underestimated country zones, are particularly defenseless against the negative impacts of procedures, for example, urbanization, mechanization and ecological change (Gracey, 2003). These major worldwide techniques may have a huge impact on child injury study and preventive action, and child injury in a quickly changing world needs to be at the heart of future general health strategy and practice. Strategy 1: Legislation and enforcement Legislation obliging the utilization of protective equipments, for example, protective helmets, child traveler restrictions, safety belts, smoke cautions, and fencing around swimming pools can prompt expanded use of such gear and in this manner decrease the danger of injuries and their seriousness (Education and legislation are key to preventing child injuries, 2009). Compulsory standards for different products and services (e.g. Play area gear, security equipment, toys, furniture and handling) additionally indicate duty to safety for children and can decrease injury (Ramagoni, Shetty Hegde, 2007). To be successful, obviously, enactment and regulations must be implemented. As a rule the level of authorization decides the viability of these prevention measures. Strategy 2: modification of products Modification of items, for example, cooking stoves, lights, play area surfaces, furniture and decorations (e.g. Bunks, stairway railings) and adjustment of item package can act as successful prevention methods by decreasing the danger of injury, diminishing access to a risk and/or by lessening the severity of injury. The count of stairs, the direction in which windows open, and how galleries are planned are extremely critical cases (Martin, 2012). Child injuries can likewise be prevented by features, for example, low level handrails on stairs (Kim, 2008). Homes are regularly outlined with the needs of grownups as opposed to children as a top priority. Strengths: Society has a great role to play in the health of an individual. Individuals can make a great change in the degree of child injuries from trying to create a safe environment for children. Weaknesses: Increase in traffic influences how individuals use the road as pedestrians. Perhaps, the most important aspect related to child injuries is deprivation. The standard of living and the way it is distributed plays a vital role in peoples health. Strategies that reflect either the medical, behavioral and/or empowerment Approach. Safety of children as a general health concern has picked up momentum and a solid research establishment over the past decade (Child safety programs, 1982)s. To attain big gains up in the safety of children, prevention of child injuries information and practice should now be incorporated into standard child and juvenile health activities. From the health perspective of a child, this integration is vital, given the weight of child injuries. Such reconciliation is expected to overcome hindrances to kid damage aversion from the safety perspectives of children. Injury prevention must be incorporated in child wellbeing examination motivation and as a component of kid and juvenile health advancement and practice. A few steps may be taken to start this reconciliation. Strategy 1: rehabilitation and Care Improvement should me made in the quality and access of first aid and vital trauma care. Rehabilitation of the injured child is an important step to reduce the severity of injuries and their aftereffects. This will help to reduce the severity and frequency of disability related to injury and will improve outcomes for children with disability. Strategy 2: Health Care and Health Systems Medical services providers treat injuries, however, they are likewise accomplices in counteractive action through social insurance systems. While reacting to and treating injury, health care providers are basic for precisely reporting external reasons for wounds and injuries. Past the clinical setting, human health suppliers are sound promoters for child health and can encourage change in groups and families (Keyes, 1999). Strengths: Health care providers can educate and promote the prevention of child injuries, both at an individual level and at community level. Weaknesses: There are people living in the under-privileged sector who cannot reach out for the health service providers. The rate of child injuries in the poor socio economic class ig comparatively higher than the urban sector. Recommendations for future health promotion Both nonfatal and fatal injuries of children are expensive from numerous points of view. Notwithstanding the significant burden of death and handicap, injuries to children can likewise bring about generous financial expenses, including medical care facilities to the injured child and lost profitability for his or her guardians. The vision ought to be to anticipate injuries to children where they live, work, learn, play, and go by setting a national vital heading for moving from attention to the activity. This could be possible by illuminating activities cutting over all manifestations of youngster inadvertent damage and can be utilized to outline more particular activities by harm sort. this can be achieved by- Creating awareness about the degree, risks and effects of injuries in children as compared to other health issues. Drawing attention towards the ways of prevention of child injuries. Recommendations can be provided to increase the efforts for prevention of child injuries by improving data, research, education, communication and training. A plan of action should be outlined for organizing and then implementing child injury preventive actions. Conclusion Children have the privilege of health, a protected environment and protection from damage (Childrens Health And Health Care, 2007). Nations are obliged to take administrative, authoritative, social and instructive measures to guarantee the maximum extent of safety and development of the child. This commitment incorporates shielding children from injury. Unless the multi-sectoral activities depicted above are spread and executed in an auspicious way around the world, the weight of injury on childrens health and survival will rise and a percentage of the interest won through kid survival activities will be dissolved as children lose their lives and health to injury later in youth (Miller, Romano Spicer, 2000). The hindrances that at present thwart advances in prevention of child injury can be somewhat overcome by coordinating child injuries in the teenage and adult health motivation, both in arrangement and practically speaking (Alonge Hyder, 2013). On the other hand, advancement in child health will be constrained if child injuries-are not tended to methodically. References Alonge, O., Hyder, A. (2013). Reducing the global burden of childhood unintentional injuries. Archives Of Disease In Childhood, 99(1), 62-69. Chalmers, E. (2010). Review of child road injury prevention initiatives. Injury Prevention, 16(Supplement 1), A8-A9 Child safety programs. (1982). Journal Of Safety Research, 13(4), 177. Childrens Health And Health Care. (2007). Health Affairs, 26(2), 314-314. Education and legislation are key to preventing child injuries. (2009). Bulletin Of The World Health Organization, 87(5), 334-335. Executive summary: reducing childhood pedestrian injuries. (2002). Injury Prevention, 8(90001), 3i-8. Gracey, M. (2003). Child Health Implications of Worldwide Urbanization. Reviews On Environmental Health, 18(1). Hyder, A. (2003). Childhood injuries. Injury Prevention, 9(4), 292-292. Johnston, B. (2008). Child injury in the spotlight. Injury Prevention, 14(6), 345-345. Keyes, C. (1999). Communication and coordination of care among providers. International Journal For Quality In Health Care, 11(2), 169-170. Kim, K. (2008). Child Injury Prevention: Home Injuries and Bicycle Injuries. Journal Of The Korean Medical Association, 51(3), 230. Lewit, E., Baker, L. (1995). Unintentional Injuries. The Future Of Children, 5(1), 214. Martin, R. (2012). Product safetyso who is responsible?. Injury Prevention, 18(Supplement 1), A126-A126. Meddings, D. (2011). Child injury prevention and child survival. Injury Prevention, 17(3), 145-146. Miller, T., Romano, E., Spicer, R. (2000). The Cost of Childhood Unintentional Injuries and the Value of Prevention. The Future Of Children, 10(1), 137. Ramagoni, N., Shetty, Y., Hegde, A. (2007). Do Our Children Play Safe?. Journal Of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry, 31(3), 160-163. Sminkey, L. (2008). World report on child injury prevention. Injury Prevention, 14(1), 69-69. Smith, R., Pless, I. (1994). Preventing injuries in childhood. BMJ, 308(6940), 1312-13.

The Descent of Dick Diver in Fitzgeralds Tender is the Night Essays

The Descent of Dick Diver in Tender is the Night    Tender is the Night by F. Scott Fitzgerald chronicles Dick Diver's long descent (or "dying fall," [Letters 310]) to ruin at the hands of women. Diver, the novel's protagonist and antagonist, seeks to overthrow feminine power. Dick needs to control the women in his life. To him, women want to be dependent; they are weak, lost souls who need the guidance only a man can give. In turn, women are parasites who feed on him and ultimately destroy his genius.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Before Diver becomes involved with woman, he is a Rhodes Scholar and a promising young Psychiatrist. By the end of the novel he is a middle-aged drunk chasing young women. Dick Diver, flaw credible, possesses an excess of charm, which leaves him vulnerable to women who lead him to moral and emotional bankruptcy. Diver meets Nicole Warren, the rich heiress. Their relationship is almost incestuous. The unsteady daughter figure/wife/patient seeks approval from her father figure/husband/doctor. The relationship is clearly based on the control Dick Diver has over Nicole. Nicole was already a mess from the sexual abuse she encountered from her father. She was looking for a father figure, someone to take care of her. Her choice of mate was the likely one: her doctor. While Diver does seem to love his patient, he nonetheless "handles" her, always treating her like a patient over whom he has power. During their courtship, the letters he sends her mostly tell h er to "be a good girl and mind the doctors." (130) He is a doctor who has control over his patient while corresponding with her; he knows she will follow his directions and obey his commands. After he weds her, he becomes increasingly torn betw... ...e only two people in the world I care about." (218-219). Later, Cullis tells Diver of the incident involving Rosemary and Bill Hillis on a train. This "image of a third person ... entering into his relation with Rosemary was needed to throw him off his balance" (88). Now Diver has really lost control of things with Rosemary. He is obsessed with her, as evident in his repeating his imagined flashback to the scene; "Do you mind if I pull down the curtain?" (90). The Diver that needs to control, is now controlled by the image of Rosemary with another man; his need to control people has been suffocated as Rosemary rules his emotions since Nicole no longer needs him.    Works Cited: Fitzgerald, F. Scott. Tender Is the Night. New York: Simon & Schuster Inc., 1995. The Letters of F. Scott Fitzgerald. Ed. Andrew Turnbull. New York: Scribners, 1963.

Customer Profile Essay

Customer Profile 1. What is the approximate age range for people in this demographic group? -Someone born in Generation X ranges from 37-47 years old. 2. What are typical characteristics of people in this age group? -Gen X is often characterized by high levels of skepticism, â€Å"what’s in it for me† attitudes and a reputation for some of the worst music to ever gain popularity. 3. What are the interests of this age group? -Those born in Generation X are very family-oriented people that strive to not make their families like that of their parents but are also the first real charity driven generation. 4. What is this group’s source of income? -The group’s source of income derives mostly from permanent full-time jobs. 5. What might be their greatest social and economic concerns? -People of this generation are the first to really question the rules of society. 6. What issues regarding products might be important to them? -People of Generation X generally go for cost-efficient solutions when searching for products. 7. Where would they do the majority of their shopping? -People of Generation shop at places such as Nike, Walmart, Target, Victoria’s Secret, Costco, and Men’s Warehouse. 8. What types of products are targeted specifically at this age group? -Vitamins, clothing, baby supplies, office supplies, and groceries are all targeted for people of this generation. 9. How does your selected product fit this customer profile? -My product is useful for people of Generation X because Spotify allows users to access millions of songs from any genre or time period. This is useful because Generation X spent the prime of their life in the 1980’2 and 1990’s where music was at its biggest. 10. Also plan where your ad will be placed-indicate a specific magazine in which your ad will be seen? -Our ads will be placed on family television stations as well as over the radio and in print format through various music and electronics stores. Our product will need to be shown in Rolling Stone Magazine due to its vast following nation-wide.

Fruit and Vegetables Essays

Fruit and Vegetables Essays Fruit and Vegetables Essay Fruit and Vegetables Essay Give your views on the in-store retailing of fruit and vegetables taking into account the high perishability and competitive pricing for F amp; V, in organised sector retail stores/formats such as Reliance Fresh (Reliance Retail), Food World (Dairy Farm)and More in Indian metro cities? Storage of fruit and vegetables The storage of fruits and vegetables in a store is to extend the life. Storage helps in reducing biochemical change in fresh Famp;V. Cold storage slows down the growth of contaminating micro organisms. After harvest season they can achieve higher sale. Controlled atmosphere in cold store: To extend the life of crop cold, stores reduces the level of oxygen in the atmosphere. It slows down spoiling of F amp; V and also destroys insects. More over different type of crops require different atmospheres for good storage. They need to be independently assessed. In some fruits and vegetables off-flavor or discoloration can occurs, if oxygen concentration is too low. The store has to be fully used, so the cost of maintenance has to be optimized. The cost of setting up a controlled atmosphere store and the cost of monitoring the gas composition are both high. : Completion required by different crops, and there may be competition from production areas that have the different harvest season. Cold storages causes little change to quality or nutritional value. Over long time storage, incorrect temperature and damage to crops can significant changes, including browning and weight loss due to evaporation of water from crops. Loss of vitamin C in fruit and vegetables depend on temperature management after harvest. For leafy vegetables losses are also accelerated by bruising and other injuries and by excessive trimming. Crops for cold storage: Most crops are likely to contain contaminants, to have parts that are inedible, or to have variable shape or size. To have uniformly high quality for sale in the fresh market sector, it is necessary to clean, sort and grade the crop before cooling and cold storage. It is important to remove ‘field heat’ from crops as quickly as possible after harvest. Before crops are placed in cold storage field heat reduces their metabolic activity, reduces the growth of bacteria and other losses like water and weight. It also reduces the lode on cold store refrigeration system. A simple method is to pick the either early in morning when it is cool or late in the evening and leave it to cool overnight. Hydrocooling is used to rapidly cool produce. Vegetables and fruits are sprayed with or submerged in chilled water produced by a refrigeration unit. Ice can be used to make cold water, when they are transporting. Many fruit products are packed in to wooden crates, mesh bags or perforated metal bin that are stacked on pallets to cause water to flow through. Fruit and vegetables are not damaged during harvest time. Crops should be harvested carefully using a sharp stainless steel blade and should not be placed on the ground where they could pick up dirt. Crops should be handled carefully and as little as possible. The best option is to prepare crops in the field and place them carefully in the containers that are also used in the cold store. This reduces the amount of handling and keeps damage to a minimum. Dirty crops can introduce insects, pests and moulds into the cold store, which will then damage good quality. ome fruit and vegetables should have their outer leaves removed before sale. Depending n the requirements of customers, it may also be to grade crops so that Fruit and vegetables that have similar size, maturity or color are together. Soaking is used for cleaning heavily contaminated root crops to remove soil and stones. For delicate foods such as strawberries or asparagus, or products that can trap dirt internally (e. g. cele ry), air can be ‘sparged’ through the water to increase cleaning efficiency. Spray washing using drum washers or belt washers is used for many types of crops. Larger foods are rotated so that the whole surface is sprayed, and some equipment has brushes or flexible rubber discs that gently clean the food surfaces. Flotation washing exploits the difference in the density of foods to separate contaminants. Foods that float in water (especially fruits or root crops), are separated from contaminating soil, stones or rotten crops that sink. There are 4 different types of hydro coolers. 1 Batch hydro coolers have bins of produce loaded into an enclosure and hilled water is sprayed over the product, collected, re- cooled and recycled. 2 Conveyor hydro-cooling, pass containers of produce under a shower of chilled water a conveyor belt. However, because of the higher cost, this equipment must operate for long periods in a year to be economically justified. 3 in immersion hydro-coolers, crates of produce are by a submerged conveyor through a large chilled water. 4 truck hydro coolers, involves loading produce into an enclosed trailer and inserting perforated pipes above the load. These produce shower of chilled water, re-cooled and recycled. After cooling,pipes are removed and the produce is transported. There are many cooling equipment are available commercially. These are designed for high production rates and expensive. Operation of a cold store: Packing systems: To load and unload products easily and safely a packing system is required in store. Under this system a more complicated system using rack and trays. The store lay out needs to be simple and clearly understood by operators so that product can be loaded and removed easily and quickly. The products are moved easily when full of fruit and vegetables are in one shelf. To maintain the airflow around crates, a 60 cm gap should be left between the storeroom walls and the crates, and a 90 cm gap between the crates, the ceiling and the refrigeration unit design of crate that is suitable for cold stores. Temperature at shelf: Cold stores are cooled by circulation of cold air produced by refrigeration units. All cold stores should lower the temperature of crops as quickly as possible through the ‘warm zone’ 50 –gt; 10 °C. Where maximum growth of micro-organisms occurs. Not all foods can be chilled to low temperatures and some tropical, subtropical and temperate fruits suffer from ‘chilling injury’ at 3 10 °C. This causes a range of effects, including browning or discolouration, the development of off-flavours and excessive softening. The storage temperature always has to be above the minimum temperature and care is needed to set the store thermostat so that the cooling system does not produce any oscillation in temperature below the minimum temperature. It can be seen from Table 2 that there are basically three groups of fruit and vegetables: those stored at 0 4 °C; those stored at 4 8 °C; and those that require a storage temperature above 8 °C. For storage of mixed crops in a single cold store it is important that the crops should have similar temperature requirements. Pricing: The increase in the price of fruits and vegetables relative to less healthy foods could reduce consumers to purchase fruits and vegetables. Such a change in relative price and incentives has difficult to prove because of substantial quality improvement in many fresh fruit and vegetables. For commonly consumed fruit and vegetables for which quality has remained fairly constant, analysis of price tends reveals price decline to that of dessert and snack foods. this price trend evidence suggests that the price of a healthy dite has not changed relative to an unhealthy one, although a healthy diet might not include every fresh fruit or vegetable currently available. Price of partially prepared or ready to eat vegetables may be more expensive that unprepared vegetable. The price difference can be large as the value consumers assign to what otherwise be their own kitchen work. The added cost of washing, peeling, chopping, cutting , mixing and bagging is incurred by marketers lead to consumers in form of higher prices. Its also possible that costs for these services might rise at a different than costs for the agricultural commodity. For example : if the processing costs and other marketing services have risen faster than farm prices, it would follow tht retail prices may rise faster for value-added food than for more traditional fruit and vegetables. Relative prices have changed Consumers may value on the increased variety of food available as well as on the conveience of these foods. If we could net out the value of the improved quality, we hold quality constant and price comparisons. To remove the value of quality improvements from price comparisons, the price of the improved product would have to be adjusted down by the value consumer place of the improvement. Most of the price statistics do not incorporated the notion. Changes in price of many different foods is an alternative to examining price indices. our approach is to look at price of many foods that have not undergone substantial quality change. Foods considered for selection must have been commonly consumed in the 1980s. A long time series on the price of each food must also be available. Since we chose foods that we hope did not change much, we cannot extrapolate our results to all food prices. The food prices we examine are not representative of all food prices. However, results will point to whether relative prices have changed. BLS reports monthly retail prices going back to 1980 for many specific f oods, such as Red Delicious apples and broccoli. This report uses a subset of the U. S. city average price series. An attractive feature of these data is that BLS maintains each price series as long as its probability-based sampling generates sufficient observations to report prices reliably. With long time series, researchers can also see how relative prices have changed over time and how consumers’ ability and incentive to choose a healthy diet may have changed. Long time series reveal consumers’ changing ability and incentive to alter dietary quality without being confounded by unusual or unique, shortrun events (like a freeze in California’s Central Valley that leads to a temporary short supply of oranges and unusually high prices). There are many reasons why the price trends we examine might display different patterns than the price indices. First, even if we interpret trends in price indices as conclusive evidence that Americans pay more annually for fresh fruits and vegetables, that the index for fresh fruits and vegetables has been rising means only that many fresh fruit and vegetable prices have been rising. The rising index does not necessarily mean that prices for all fresh fruits and vegetables are rising equally. Like any average, the index is composed of a diverse set of movements. Second, we will be examining average price trends for foods with relatively less quality change than newer fresh fruit and vegetable products. More traditional foods embody a smaller quantity of marketing inputs than do the newer foods, which are likely to comprise a growing share of the CPI. Another factor may be that BLS accounts differently for changes in the economy, such as the mix of retail outlets at which consumers shop, when calculating price indices and average price data. Many analysts have argued that the growth of â€Å"big box† retailers, like Wal-Mart, has dampened infla-tionary price increases, but that effect is not fully incorporated in the CPI (see Reinsdorf, 1993; Leibtag, 2006). Using household purchase data, Leibtag (2006) shows that for a wide class of dairy foods, eggs, and butter/margarine, the CPI yielded larger estimates of price inflation than did average price data. In metro cities of India rapid ncrease of hostels, apartment, groceries, Eating outs, petro prices, transport, communications, shopping and other general stuffs are increasing more in these days. The cost of living of people is increasing day by day due to increase in food prices and other relative prices. Exports of food and vegetables in India is increasing more. Wholesale and retail profit and price varies in different metro cities of India. The demand for high value commodities particularly fruits, vegetables and milk would go up significantly during 2010 and 2 020 in India.

Science Research Paper

Science Research Paper Science Research Paper Science Research Paper: Making a Discovery! As a rule, students who study sciences often write science research papers. What should you do if you get such an assignment? The purpose of writing of a science research paper in a certain scientific discipline is to express some new ideas in the sphere of research in this discipline. So, you should make some suggestions, put forward some theory or hypothesis, make some discovery or present some innovations. Besides, your ideas should be proved by some experiments, observations or calculations. Thus, your science research paper should have some practical application and, hence, make some contribution in the development of science. Science Research Paper Should Be Informative So, if you have something to say to the scientific community, get down to writing of a science research paper. But pay attention: such a paper should be written properly. So, if you have some questions, the following tips will be helpful for you. Become a real re searcher! You may reach success in paper scientific write only in such a way. What does it mean? You should have a look inside the studied issue; make the deep analysis of it. So, research your paper topic. In this situation the key element of your success is interest. You should be interested in the issue you are going to investigate. It goes without saying that your ideas (hypotheses, innovations and others) cannot appear from nowhere! They should be based on the previous investigations. So, you should provide the strong basis for your ideas. For that purpose you should study different scientific works on the topic. That will help you make your ideas sound convincing. All your ideas should be put in the logical order. So, make an outline before writing your science research paper. State the main points that will be highlighted in your paper. Point out the parts your science research paper will contain. Do not forget that each of them should be focused on a certai n point but all of them should be interrelated. Your science research paper should be written in a certain format. You should discuss all the requirements with your tutor. Of course, there should be no mistakes in your paper. Any of them will spoil the general impression that your research will make on your audience. So, you should re-read your paper for several times before submitting.So, this is the main information you should keep in mind if you need to write a science research paper. If you face any difficulty, you are welcome to contact us for help!

Sustanibilty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sustanibilty - Essay Example Jeff’s argument of focusing on the costs of production was an important aspect because Nike’s revenue was mostly from this pool. On the other hand, Nike’s response was not convincing. Their response that the labor conditions of its contractors were not their concern was not a proper response. Like any other production company, it is necessary to evaluate the production principles of your partners or contractors. Their response was a selfish response that showed that they were concerned about profits, rather than the welfare of the employees and other stakeholders. Their response to the realization of the severity of the labor issue should have been done in the initial periods. At that time, they would have reduced the pressure that was rising in the labor market. The competitors such as Reebok used this opportunity to increase their competitive advantage while Nike was continuing to be stubborn. Nike did not handle the publicity surrounding its labor practices in a positive way. They waited for the labor issue to be amplified before they reacted. They reacted very late when the damage had been made. Had they acted earlier enough, they would have prevented the issues that arose from the labor unrest in its major distribution platforms. For example, when the criticism arose, they should have taken the initiative of evaluating the labor environment and making the possible changes. On entry into the market, Nike should have surveyed the minimum wages and provided considerable wages to its employees. It should have also evaluated its hiring platform to allow for the hiring of competitive and age appropriate individuals. This issue would have prevented the allegations that arose from the use of underage children in their production. They should also have involved major stakeholders such as the government, the unions, and other bodies in designing the employee rights and wages. In Vietnam, a fair

Terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

Terrorism - Essay Example The deceased left behind a young family of three. The second victim was a legendary New York employee, Harold H. Sherburne, a man in his mid-60s, whose profession on Wall Street had lasted for four decades. The remaining casualties were James Gezork and Alejandro Berger who were caught up in the incident during their business trip to New York. The first three victims died on the spot, but the last one died later on while undergoing treatment in the hospital. According to Martin, the FALN left a note in a nearby telephone booth to the effect that they were taking full responsibility for the bombing incident at Fraunces Tavern, purposely to eliminate ‘reactionary’ business personalities inside (95). The message elaborated that the light ordnance made of dynamite that the terrorist elements had stuffed into a luggage and sneaked into the entrance to the building’s hallway was used to revenge the perceived American ordered bombing of a Puerto Rican eatery that resulted in 15 casualties barely a fortnight