Small business and its challenges Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Small business and its challenges - Case Study Example Long term forecasts allows company time to better position itself in the market competitively and at the same time enable it to implement any new approaches. Advance planning will help her reduce expenses, organize her resources, and cope with new trends therefore avoiding unnecessary surprises. With regard to her services, she should be more focused on how to ensure that they are satisfying to her customers hence ensuring a stable operation that can last for long. In every business, slight changes are necessary in order to better meet the needs of the target market. Therefore, it would be of benefit if Mort introduced slight changes or advance versions of her old service, such that she is able to keep up with the new trends. It will ensure that the business future is stable and at the same time keep the legacy of the family. The long term planning will help her know what modifications to make and know when to implement them which will help her business stay afloat regardless of competition, (Morrell, 2001). Capital expenditure is cash spent by an enterprise to obtain or renovate fixed, tangible, non-consumable assets, like buildings and equipment or a new business for a profitable purpose. Since Mort’s business has been there for long, is obvious that the building is worn out and might as well require renovation. She should, therefore, put aside some money that would cater for an overall upgrade. It can involve a little more partitioning of the entire building into a customized way that almost match the current models. Also, she should acquire newer versions of equipment used, such as freezers, in order to better preserve the bodies. Since technology is here to stay and new and advanced ones get introduced very often, it would be advisable if she embraced technologies such as computers. They will assist her in keeping records and vital information in good state and even upgrade her way of keeping tabs on which bodies are

Culture and Disease Essay Example for Free

Culture and Disease Essay Culture is a pattern of behavior and thinking learned, shaped and shared by Europeans and Americans. It is their growing and developing bank of knowledge, experiences, beliefs, values, attitudes, meanings, hierarchies, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, material objects and possessions gained through generations of individual group work (Williams 1976). Any discomfort, dysfunction, distress, social problems, and alterations of behavior for Europeans and Americans are considered a disease. It is a change that disrupts the normal function of the body. It is initially believed to be caused by curses, evil spirits, or night vapors. However, in the mid-19th century the discoveries and findings of scientific works by Louis Pasteur and Koch concluded microorganisms or germs are the pathogens of infectious diseases which usually gain entrance into the body. These are microorganisms that are able to infect a host and produce a disease (Miller 2003). Subsequent studies and researches improved the concepts of healthcare. In the 21st century, Western Science of Medicine means accuracy. It is the name of the trend. Its subject the human body is likened to an outstandingly complex machine that can be figured out, customized, renovated, and its health defined and described in strictly clinical terms. Medical experts called Physicians can identify and eliminate disease-causing or etiologic organisms that originate outside the body, Surgeons evolved to be incomparable experts in dealing with acute trauma and distress, and epidemiologist uncovers the factors that determine the frequency, distribution, and determinants of diseases in human populations. These factors include the characteristics of the pathogen, the susceptibility of human population resulting from overcrowding, lack of immunization, nutritional status, inadequate sanitation procedures, locations or reservoirs where pathogens lie in wait, and the various means by which infectious disease is transmitted. Ironically, resurgence of infectious disease such as tuberculosis occurred brought about by the emergence of another infectious disease HIV/AIDS (Burton 2004). The existence of epidemic and communicable diseases in specific areas were found to follow geographic patterns. Diseases like Poliomyelitis caused by over population infected Brazilian children population, and it also infected older age Scandinavian and Americans; cholera, yellow fever and dengue infected Indians in India as a result of poor sanitation; Plague brought about by rodents are cases in the Western United States of America, and in China, it is carried by rodents and fleas infecting Chinese. These findings were important concepts for public awareness to guide travelers and servicemen (Duffy 1953). Body Tuberculosis is a chronic mycobacterial infection of the lower respiratory tract characterized by fever, night sweats, weight loss, productive cough, shortness of breath, chest pain, coughing up blood and hoarseness. It may infect lymph nodes causing systemic disease like kidney disease, urinary bladder disease and bone disease (Burton 2004). The dynamics of infection follows the following pattern: Sources of Infection Modes of entry Mechanism of disease Pattern of infection Portals of exit. Mycobacterium tuberculosis a slow-growing, acid-fast, Gram-variable bacillus is an aerobic bacillus species capable of reproducing within 16-20 hours. It is the etiologic agent of the disease called tuberculosis (Burton 2004). Mycobacterium tuberculosis developed resistance to treatment drugs. It is the second leading killer of adults in the world, with more than 2 million TB-related deaths each year (Burton 2004). Ironically, one of the endemic diseases in the United States of America is this bacterial disease called tuberculosis. In 2004 Centers for Disease and Controls, Atlanta, GA reported 14, 517 tuberculosis cases. The resurgence of tuberculosis in the United States of America in the 1980’s through 1990’s primarily resulted from the HIV/AIDS epidemic and the multi-drug resistant strains of M. tuberculosis (Burton 2004). Identification and recognition of the characteristics of the pathogen, the susceptibility of human population resulting from overcrowding, lack of immunization, nutritional status, inadequate sanitation procedures, locations or reservoirs, emigration and migration of men and animals, and stress makes people immunosuppressed resulting to infection, considering that pathogens may come primarily from infected humans, sometimes from primates, cattle and other infected mammals (Burton 2004) . There are various sources from which tuberculosis can be acquired and transmitted. It may be via airborne droplets produced by the infected organism during coughing, sneezing, even singing and prolonged direct contact with infected individuals ((Burton 2004). Prevention, Precautions, Sterilization, disinfection and Patient care would all involve airborne precautions (Burton 2004). In Clinical practice, disinfection and sterilization as well as laboratory procedures were employed being a necessity. Their scientific basis has been developed only during the past century. These important procedures are: Sterilization which is the destruction or complete removal by filtration of all forms of microorganisms including their spores; Disinfection is the destruction of many microorganisms but not usually bacterial spores; Antisepsis, is the destruction or inhibition of microorganisms in living tissues thereby limiting or preventing the harmful effect of infection; Static agent would inhibit the growth of bacteriostatic microorganisms; Bactericidal agent would kill the microorganisms; Sterilizers are chemicals which under controlled conditions kill spore-forming bacteria. These agents which perform the above functions were divided into physical agents and chemical agents. With these mechanisms, Epidemiologist and Social psychologist in the United States of America helped contribute to the study of health and to the interventions to improve people’s well-being and quality of life by promoting health and preventing illnesses. They identify psychological factors that might influence illness, and identify improved ways in which health care is delivered. This is also a form of proposition for the improvement of the health of the population by promoting healthy choices and preventing people from becoming ill. Psychologists are persuasive by appealing to fear for the negative health consequences, subsequently encouraging American families, peer and schooling young adolescents to change their health behaviors by redirecting their behavioral intentions. This is in line with the concept that the actions taken by people to safeguard their health are influenced by factors such as general health values, perceived susceptibility to illness, perceptions of illness severity, expectations of treatment success, self-efficacy, perceived barriers and benefits, and cues to action. Healthy habits that are currently recommended are vigorous regular exercise, quitting smoking, limiting alcohol intake, eating healthy foods, and getting enough sleep. Even so, considering the increased cultural mixing Of the United States of America, programs or lessons in scholastic trainings are incorporated as designed to increase intercultural communications as cultural patterns affect how people make sense of the many aspects of health care: the meanings that people give to health and illness, the causes of diseases, the means to prevent illnesses, appropriate cures, and the types of individuals most qualified to provide care and attempt to cure. In this context, magico-religious approach, holistic approach and biomedical approach are not set aside, but, the healthcare system of the United States of America is typically focused on the individual patient as the source of the medical problem in need of a cure. This is rather the biomedical approach adopted to address the issues of illness and wellness. It considers people health regardless of culture to be driven by biochemical forces. Wellness is achieved by understanding that the biochemical reaction is activated. Illness happens when a part of the normal human body metabolic activities is altered. Treatments are provided by Medical health practitioners like Doctors and Nurses, thus bringing back the normal course of bodily metabolic activities supportive of good health (Lustig 1996). In 1953 Dr. Louis H. Bauer of New York, USA as a secretary General of the World Medical Health Association outlined the major task to address medical care need from their time on, such as: 1) Rural community work to establish facilities and to encourage physicians participation; 2) provide medical care all depressed areas : 3) Extend public health coverage to depressed areas; 4) Evolve strategies to address care needs people with inborn disorders; 5) Provide insurance programs to people specially senior citizens and the disabled; 6) Eradicate graft and corruption in the Medical practice; 7) General public protection for regular Medical services; 8) Renew medical societies; and 9) Medical Health ethics education for the Medical Health practitioners (Perkins 1993). Conclusion With the advent of post-industrial age marked by the ubiquitous appearance and usages of television and the computer, supposedly a reliable indicator, most Americans should be healthy and wealthy. Being so, it could be enough to affect longevity positively, primarily through lifestyle choices, rather than lack of food or shelter and diseases (Lustig 1996). However, Studies revealed that even the introduction of Medicare in the United States, bringing the poor substantially at par with the rich in terms of health care and medical services did not eliminate or even markedly reduced the large differential mortality. In contrast, life expectancy in Japan is far above all the rest of the countries in the world. The life expectancy for males is 78 years while the life expectancy for females is 85 years, in spite of half the level of spending for healthcare than that of the United States of America amounting to around $2,000 per person, 7. 4 percent of GDP (Powell 1990). The technology used in the Japanese health care system is similar to that used in the United States of America, but, the flow of funds, the quantity and intensity of use is considerably different (Powell 1990). In Japan, all citizens are free to choose any physician and hospital. Physicians may be General Private Practitioner providing primary and secondary care, while Specialist works in hospitals. Hospitals may be large and public university hospitals with medical school, research facilities, and outpatient department for primary care while small time private practitioners have small facilities and less sophisticated treatments (Powell 1990). Knowing that tuberculosis is transmitted via airborne droplets produced by the infected organism during coughing, sneezing, even singing and prolonged direct contact with infected individuals, preventions and precautions are better than an ounce of medicine after infection. Reference Burton, G. and Engelkirk, P. (2004). Microbiology for Health Sciences. USA: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Lustig, M. and Koester, J. (1996). Intercultural Competence. 6th ed. USA: HarperCollins. Powell, M. and Anesaki, M. (1990). Health Care in Japan. New York: Routledge. Duffy, John. (1953). Epidemics in Colonial America. Perkins, James E. (1952). You and Tuberculosis.

College or University Graduation Speech :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

I have chosen as my topic the complex subject of your ancestors. Not, of course, your biological ancestors, about whom I know nothing, but your spiritual ancestors, about whom I know a little. To be specific, I want to tell you about two groups of people who lived many years ago but whose influence is still with us. They were very different from each other, representing opposite values and traditions. I think it is appropriate for you to be reminded of them on this day because, sooner than you know, you must align yourself with the spirit of one or the spirit of the other. The first group lived about 2,500 years ago in the place which we now call Greece, in a city they called Athens. We do not know as much about their origins as we would like. But we do know a great deal about their accomplishments. They were, for example, the first people to develop a complete alphabet, and therefore they became the first truly literate population on earth. They invented the idea of political democracy, which they practiced with a vigor that puts us to shame. They invented what we call philosophy. And they also invented what we call logic and rhetoric. They came very close to inventing what we call science, and one of them-Democritus by name-conceived of the atomic theory of matter 2,300 years before it occurred to any modern scientist. They composed and sang epic poems of unsurpassed beauty and insight. And they wrote and performed plays that, almost three millennia later, still have the power to make audiences laugh and weep. They even invented what, today, we call the Olympics, and among their values none stood higher than that in all things one should strive for excellence. They believed in reason. They believed in beauty. They believed in moderation. And they invented the word and the idea which we know today as ecology. About 2,000 years ago, the vitality of their culture declined and these people began to disappear. But not what they had created. Their imagination, art, politics, literature, and language spread all over the world so that, today, it is hardly possible to speak on any subject without repeating what some Athenian said on the matter 2,500 years ago. The second group of people lived in the place we now call Germany, and flourished about 1,700 years ago. We call them the Visigoths, and you may remember that your sixth or seventh-grade teacher mentioned them.

Napster Vs Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) :: essays research papers

Napster Under Glass   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Online, you can find a digital version of any song that your heart desires from classical to hardcore to country in less than 10 – 15 minutes. Terabytes or 1000000000000 (a trillion) bytes of Mp3 files can be found online at peak times, which roughly translates to 330,000 songs in 3100 different collections. A Mp3 is an individual song converted into a digital format and playable on computers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A popular program easily accessible on the Internet is called Napster. After you download it from Napster’s site, you basically tell it where you keep your Mp3 files and when it connects it cross-references everyone’s files and lets you search through them all and download as you please. 90% of the files that are traded daily are illegally â€Å"ripped† from CDs. Napster has a blurb at startup that states â€Å"Copying or distributing unauthorized Mp3 files may violate United States and/or foreign copyright laws. Compliance with copyright law remains your responsibility.† The RIAA (Recording Industry Association of America) is charging the site with copyright infringement and alleges that Napster has created a base for music piracy on an unprecedented scale. Napster contends that they provide the platform, not the actions, and that as the blurb states it’s up to the people. Napster is not at fault because the RIAA has overstepped their boundaries and infringed on first amendment rights online.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Should the owner of the gun shop be charged with murder if a man he sold a gun to decides to shoot another man in cold blood? Of course not, if the shop owner followed all of the laws that govern him. Should the car dealership be charged with vehicular felonies every time one of their vehicles is involved in a crime? Certainly not. So why should software’s originator be responsible for what their software is used for? They shouldn’t, but the only reason the RIAA is jumping all over the Napster community is that they can’t just go out and arrest everybody who decides to trade Mp3s online.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The real people that the RIAA should crack down on are the people who use the rippers. A ripper is a computer program used to convert (rip) a musical track off of a CD and into a Mp3. They can be found on public shareware sites fairly simply with a search engine. The problem here is that the public in general uses them and can download them just like any other software.

Information Systems in Global Business Today Essay

1. Why is it important to understand the difference between computer literacy and information literacy? Answer: Computer literacy – When you are computer literate, you have a general working knowledge of computers. You understand what they can be used for. Most people know that they can type a paper, create a power point and if you have internet access, you may e-mail and search the World Wide Web for information. Information literacy- When you are information literate, you understand and are able to gather, analyze and use information gathered from the various types of technological medians – especially the internet. This person may access the internet, for instance on their cell phone, iPod, lab tops, and a multitude of medians, some which may have not yet been realized. -It is important to understand the difference of this two literacy because A literate person cannot be expected to know how to operate a computer. In essence, a person can be literate but not computer literate. But the opposite seems difficult to be true. A computer literate is often always a literate. 2. Discu ss the three elements of an information system (hardware, software and persware) that managers must consider. Which of the three do you consider the most important? Answer: Hardware- Hardware, in the computer world, refers to the physical components that make up a computer system. Software- is any set of machine-readable instructions (most often in the form of a computer program) that directs a computer’s processor to perform specific operations. Persware- that is short for ‘personware’ or ‘peopleware’, a terribly inpersonal way of referring to people as a resource, like hardware or software. – I consider being the most important element if information system is the Persware because without this persware the hardware and the software will be useless. 3. What are some of the new roles information systems are playing in organizations? * The Widening Scope of Information Systems * The Network Revolution and the Internet * New Options for Organizational Design: The Networked Enterprise * Flattening Organizations * Separating work from location * Reorganizing work flows * Increasing flexibility of organizations * The changing management process * Redefining organizational boundaries * Electronic Commerce and Electronic Business 4. Discuss the changes in the business environment brought about by technology in the last three years. Use your own personal experiences to formulate your answer. Answer: There are many changes in the business environment brought by the technology in the last three years. I believe that one of the most important changes (affecting accounting practice) that has taken place in my experience is the changed relationship between the company and its investors. There is an explosion of required disclosures, and a huge increase in the interest the investment community has in those disclosures. And the internet is the largest changes because every year there is changes on it. Many programs are approaching that every people in the society can learn many things about those programs brought by the technology.. 5. Draw your conclusions about the article â€Å"IT Doesn’t Matter† by Nicholas Carr by accessing the given url: [http://www.nicholasgcarr.com/articles/matter.html#readings]. Answer: The article explained the dilemmas that the IT industry and the end users are currently experiencing. IT used to be a way for companies to gain a competitive advantage, but nowadays IT has fused into another tool to conduct business. IT products are becoming cheaper and cheaper while yielding more power. This trend in the long run will destroy the economic incentive for IT manufacturers to continue doing business. On the other hand cheaper is better for companies implementing this technology. The author made it clear that avoiding brand new IT products and opting for slightly older IT products would save money. In addition, slightly older products have all the â€Å"kinks ironed out† yielding a more reliable system. Buying slightly older IT products is not a fail safe way of obtaining efficiency and initial cost savings.

The Vicissitudes of the Latin Plural in English

The Vicissitudes of the Latin Plural in English The Vicissitudes of the Latin Plural in English The Vicissitudes of the Latin Plural in English By Maeve Maddox A recent forum question asks about the word data. The dictionary says the word data can be treated as a singular. But strictly speaking the word is a plural. How does such a thing happen in language? You wouldnt say, the cars is fast. How does a plural gain acceptance as a singular? The answer is, A plural gains acceptance as a singular because language is always changing to suit the comfort of the people who speak it. In the case of data, the singular form datum has been rejected by most English speakers as not sounding right. Hence data is and data are. When the study of Latin was standard in the curriculum of English- speaking children, no one thought twice about using datum as the singular form of data. Now that Latin is a rarity in American education, datum sounds foreign and has been abandoned in general usage. The distinctions between Latin singulars and plurals is still observed for some English words in some contextsscientific or academicbut for the most part, either the singular or the plural Latin form, depending upon which sounds less English, tends to be dropped. Here are some words that started out with Latin singular and plural forms. In some cases both survive. In others, the plural has been anglicized or taken over as the singular. alumna/alumnae; alumnus/alumni Literally foster daughter and foster son, these words refer in American usage to graduates of an educational institution. Most universities tend to use the masculine forms only. Alumnus is still in use as a singular, but I have heard people use alumni as if it could be either singular or plural. datum/data In common usage the plural, data, has become accepted as either singular or plural. medium/media The parts of this pair have taken on different meanings. The plural, media, has come to mean methods of communication such as newspapers, television, radio, and film. Medium can mean the material used by an artist to produce an artistic creation. It can also mean any method for accomplishing something. Ex. As a reporter, hes a member of the media. Which of these mediums do you prefer, watercolor or oil? By means of what medium do you expect to accomplish this? And yes, another kind of medium is a person through whom spirits speak. appendix/appendices The Latin plural is still in use, but one also hears appendixes. formula/formulae The Latin plural persists in scientific contexts, but one often hears formulas. encyclopedia/encyclopediae The English plural encyclopedias is more common than the Latin. index/indices The Latin plural is used in academic contexts, but one commonly hears indexes. axis/axes I dont think Ive ever heard anyone say axises. Its not a word that commonly comes up in conversation. crisis/crises I have heard crisises but in this case the Latin plural crises [cry seez] is easier to say and will probably persist. criterion/criteria Here is a pair that persists in both the Latin singular and plural. One judges the worth of a book according to a set of criteria. One criterion might be style. Another criterion might be accuracy. phenomenon/phenomena A tornado is a phenomenon of Nature. Other phenomena are earthquakes, thunderstorms, and floods. Both the singular and plural forms of this word are alive and well. agendum/agenda Here the singular form has dropped out and people speak of both an agenda and agendas. memorandum/memoranda Both of these forms are still in use, but Ive heard memorandums. cactus/cacti Some people still use the Latin plural, but one hears cactuses. fungus/fungi[fun dzhai] Both forms are in use, but one also hears funguses. hippopotamus/hippopotami Since most people now call them hippos, the Latin plural is not much in use. The plural hippopotamuses is a mouthful and when used tends to sound humorous. Some other unusual singular/plural pairs that may seem to derive from Latin come instead from Greek. They are sometimes mistakenly given invented Latin plurals. octopus You may hear someone use the plural octopi for this word, but the Latin plural would be octopodes. The English plural is octopuses. stigma Heres a word whose original plural has taken on a different meaning with the result that stigmata and stigmas mean different things. A stigma is some kind of negative mark. It is usually used figuratively. Ex. In the 1950s a woman was ruined by the stigma of an illegitimate child. The politician was never able to overcome the stigma of having embezzled state funds. The plural of stigma is stigmas. The original plural stigmata refers to the crucifixion wounds of Christ and to the marks of these wounds as they have appeared on the bodies of certain Christian mystics. Ex. Mystics known to have experienced stigmata include Francis of Assisi and Catherine of Siena. dogma The original plural was dogmata, but dogmas has prevailed. The older plural, however, gives us the adjective dogmatic. There are several other Latin and Greek singular/plural pairs still in use, but these are probably the most common. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Comma After i.e. and e.g.English Grammar 101: Verb MoodDissatisfied vs. Unsatisfied

Hiral Patel Essays (501 words) - Conformity, Consensus Reality, Norm

Hiral Patel Essays (501 words) - Conformity, Consensus Reality, Norm Hiral Patel October 13, 2014 ANT 104 ONLN Professor Lynn O'Brien Tiwi Covering Up Should an anthropologist let personal beliefs get in the way of studying a culture? The answer should be no. Almost all anthropologists come across a time where they have to ponder over going along with the culture norms or by putting forth their beliefs on how things should be. The Tiwi society of Northern Australia believes in "covering up" their mothers when the mothers become decrepit and the sons are unable to take care of their mothers. So should anthropologist Charles Hart be judged because he agreed to "cover up" his adoptive mother according to the culture and norms of the Tiwi society? Mothers are considered to be burdens in the Tiwi society. At least that is the case when they become old and crippled, unable to fend for themselves. Charles Hart was an anthropologist adopted by the Jabijabui clan. His adoptive mother became a "toothless, almost blind, withered" (Hart 1) woman and the senior members of the Jabijabui clan decided amongst themselves that the time had come to "cover up" the woman. In a way, she became useless for the clan. What is shocking to the readers of this incident is that Charles Hart, despite being adopted, agreed with his clan to end the life of his mother. Despite being adopted into the clan and only staying with the clan for the purpose to study the culture, Hart chose to abide his brothers' decisions to "cover up" their mother. Although Hart was a human, he was also a man on duty: an anthropologist. The main job of an anthropologist is to blend in with the culture and the society that they are studying. It is their job to win the trust of t he society members. This is exactly what Hart did. He never let his personal concerns and beliefs get out of hand. Although he may have felt at one point that his brothers of the Jabijabui clan were making a mistake by burying their own mother he had to "go along with the culture." This would not be considered unethical taking into consideration that Hart was an anthropologist and he was attempting to fit in with the society. Hart did what he felt was right back then keeping his occupation in mind. If Hart had refused to bury his adoptive mother, then his refusal would be considered unethical because although anthropologists try not to forget their identities when living with another culture, one mistake can cause them to pay a big price. They can lose their opportunity to study that culture and may be forced to leave or they may even unwillingly lose their lives. The whole point of being an anthropologist is to blend in with and study another culture and its people. That is why it is important for anthropologists to put aside personal preferences and beliefs and to abide cultural norms. Keeping this in mind, Charles Hart's decision on burying his adoptive mother is completely justifiable.

Definition and Examples of Bad News Messages

Definition and Examples of Bad News Messages In business writing, a bad-news message is a letter, memo, or email that conveys negative or unpleasant information- information that is likely to disappoint, upset, or even anger a reader. It is also called an  indirect message or a negative message. Bad-news messages include rejections (in response to job applications, promotion requests, and the like), negative evaluations, and announcements of policy changes that dont benefit the reader. A bad-news message conventionally begins with a neutral or positive buffer statement before introducing the negative or unpleasant information. This approach is called the indirect plan. Examples and Observations It is much, much worse to receive bad news through the written word than by somebody simply telling you, and I’m sure you understand why. When somebody simply tells you bad news, you hear it once, and that’s the end of it. But when bad news is written down, whether in a letter or a newspaper or on your arm in felt tip pen, each time you read it, you feel as if you are receiving the bad news again and again. (Lemony Snicket, Horseradish: Bitter Truths You Cant Avoid. HarperCollins, 2007) Sample: Rejection of a Grant Application On behalf of the members of the Research Scholarship Committee, thank you for submitting an application for this years Research Scholarship grants competition. I’m sorry to report that your grant proposal was among those that were not approved for funding in the spring. With the reduction in grant funds caused by budget cuts and the record number of applications, I’m afraid that many worthwhile proposals could not be supported. Although you did not receive a grant this year, I trust that you will continue to pursue both internal and external funding opportunities. Introductory Paragraph The introductory paragraph in the bad-news message should accomplish the following objectives: (1) provide a buffer to cushion the bad news that will follow, (2) let the receiver know what the message is about without stating the obvious, and (3) serve as a transition into the discussion of reasons without revealing the bad news or leading the receiver to expect good news. If these objectives can be accomplished in one sentence, that sentence can be the first paragraph. (Carol M. Lehman and Debbie D Dufrene, Business Communication, 15th ed. Thomson, 2008) Body Paragraph(s) Deliver the bad news in the body of the message. State it clearly and concisely, and explain the reasons briefly and unemotionally. Avoid apologies; they weaken your explanation or position. Try to embed the bad news in a supporting, not the topical, sentence of a paragraph. Furthermore, try to embed it in a subordinate clause of a sentence. The purpose is not to conceal the bad news, but to soften its impact. (Stuart Carl Smith and Philip K. Piele, School Leadership: Handbook for Excellence in Student Learning. Corwin Press, 2006) Closing The closing of a message containing negative news should be courteous and helpful. The purpose of the closing is to maintain or rebuild goodwill. ... The closing should have a sincere tone. Avoid overused closings such as If you have any questions, please dont hesitate to call. ... Offer the receiver another option. ... Presenting another option shifts the emphasis from the negative news to a positive solution. (Thomas L. Means, Business Communications, 2nd ed. South-Western Educational, 2009)

Global Procurement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Global Procurement - Essay Example The purchase in general includes the raw material that would be needed, the kind of expertise that would be needed to be acquired, the capital and budget allocation (Monczka, et al., 2010,205). All these can be evaluated and estimated in advance in form of process purchase model. General steps of purchase process include the invoice, bidding, solicitation of bids, and purchase at hand (Howes & Robinson, 2005). The paper further looks into most suitable purchase process models, along with number of organizations and their activities as to how they go about the process purchase models. List of successful organizations has been presented in the paper which explain how they have integrated and adopted the process models, what elements have been included and what other have been excluded. The model depicted in the figure has eight basic elements starting with internal customers, and ending with the suppliers who provide the end product or service. The overall process model can be divided into two phases, with first four elements making up for the first phase, while the second part consisting of latter phase. The first phase is preparatory and inside the laboratory phase, while the latter is pertinent to post delivery, evaluation and assessment in response to the product or service offered. The intermediate steps include specification evaluation, choosing the suppliers for respective process, formulating the contract procedures. Follow up, supplier dealings make up for the final part of the entire process (Havey, 2009). While the model provides description of the two phases of overall activity, it fails to cover up number of sections which are important and should be part of the overall homework plan for the purchase process model. These activities include the following: The first short coming is in form of scheduling. Scheduling enables knowing what to do and when to do. Scheduling enables

Sex and Gender with Dr. Chantal Tetreault Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sex and Gender with Dr. Chantal Tetreault - Essay Example Therefore, they subordinate men in almost all activities. So, the community expects them to be hardworking, loving and patient so that they can do their chores without any constraints. There exit a difference between sex and gender (Martin). In my own understanding, sex may be used to refer to either male or female. Therefore, people can be categorized as man or woman and boy or girl depending on the sex (Martin). Sex can also be used to categorize the functions of gender. Men can perform hard work for they have the muscles and the stamina while women are supposed to perform light chores (Martin). The readings have challenged me in that it has made me understand that women do a lot of work than men. Women therefore contribute much in the production of goods and services compared to men. The reading material has given an example of the Betsileo women in Madagascar who usually invest about a third of the hours invested in rice production in addition to their daily customary tasks (Gender: Exploring Culture Diversity). Separate genders have come out of the customary tasks to do what is considered as culturally bad. These activities range from leadership to other noble tasks. For example, the Williams sisters; Serena William and Vienna William have greatly been praised for their sport and have developed many agendas contributing to the positive focus on gender sensitivity in countries where they do put bars between men and

Final Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 13

Final - Essay Example Following the partition of the Palestine in 1947 and the US government recognition six months later of the State of Israel, there was need for the US military to intervene and protect the young nation. The war in Egypt after the death of Gamal Abdel Nasser who was succeeded by Anwar Sadat who attacked Israeli necessitated the US involvement after the Soviet had threatened to intervene by use of military force against the Israelis. It was at this time when Henry Kissinger used a diplomatic engagement and managed to make peace between the warring countries. To this far, the American Military involvement was justified to be in the Middle East. This is because had it not been for the US military, there would have been no peace between the Israeli and the Egyptians; many people would have lost their lives. The US managed not to be involved militarily in the Middle East conflicts after the WWII, due to continued instability in the Middle East politics between Muslims and Christians, there was need for the American troops to be dispatched there. They managed to contain the situation between the warring factions without any casualties (Faucet, 2013). According to John C. Goodman, in 2009 only, the US government devoted a lot of resources to defend the oil in the Persian Gulf. The reason why the US troops are maintained in Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates, Iraq and Oman is to ensure a free flow of oil from the Middle East. The final implication of this reason is cheap oil from the Middle East which comes with unmentioned expenses and costs which policy makers should give a lot of thought before supporting any foreign policy. He argues that if the federal budget for Persian Gulf defense were to be included in the gas price, the US consumer would be paying $5 per gallon (Faucet, 2013). It is unnecessary to have a continued presence of the US troops in Persian Gulf to ensure

Brand Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Brand Analysis - Essay Example Nike was started in the early 1960s when Phillip Knight, the Chief Executive Officer and William Bowerman, partnered to develop a coach’s idea of manufacturing products that would help to improve the consumers’ performance, who were athletes, on the track (Coucha, 2011). Nike ventured into it with the promise to make possible â€Å"authentic, athletic performance† with their shoes (Schmidt & Chris, 2002). That became their brand promise. The brand image that Nike initially launched was purely an American emblem, associated with high performance, aggressive and innovative top male athletes. These athletes were considered achievers, in line with what Nike intended to present to the consumers (Coucha, 2011). In delivering their product related promise, Nike joined the growing aerobics arena which was influencing the design of shoes towards being more fashionable, albeit less durable. Although other manufacturers were using garments to manufacture shoes for the aerob ics market, Nike stuck to leather, which was more long lasting but considered less fashionable (Kunde, 2002). As part of extending their non tangible promise, Nike took to the corporate scene by embracing the global social responsibility. Initially, it was a reaction to public oppositions relating to their labor practices in Asia. To salvage their image, they changed their corporate labor strategy, campaigning to be the industry leader in worker relations. They refurbished their factories and improved the working conditions on their premises in Asia. Compensation packages for labor were raised and new global standards applied. They created a Corporate Responsibility Division to reflect their intention to care for the ‘World family of Nike† (Schmidt & Chris, 2002). A brand’s perception and recognition are considerably influenced by its visual presentation. For effective visual brand identity to be achieved, the use of particular and consistent visual elements is cr itical (Schmidt & Chris, 2002). To create a distinction, a logo, colors, fonts, and graphic elements are used. In terms of visual identity, Nike’s logo of the â€Å"swoosh† is outstanding and easy to remember by consumers. Globally, there is a 97% recognition and awareness for the Nike logo and brand (Coucha, 2011). This is further propelled by associating themselves with athletic celebrities with similar personalities as the Nike brand. Examples include Michael Jordan the basketball hero and Michael Johnson the sprinter. For the purpose of increasing their relevance in the European market, Nike began associating themselves with famous European sports personalities while maintaining their criteria of selecting names that matched the Nike personality of super achievers. Such names included Eric Cantona and Roberto Mandeni. They also sponsored local, European teams like Borussia Dortmund and Paris saint Germain. This had an appeal that made them a household name in Europ e (Holt, 2004). Advertising strategies were customized to reflect the similarities of European countries with the United States as a means of dealing with the diverse culture differences. As compared to Adidas, the German giants, Nike portrays a more self expressive and emotional personality in its brand image. This gives for a challenging, hardworking and winning mentality with a focus on

Describe and evaluate psychological theories of human motivation Essay - 1

Describe and evaluate psychological theories of human motivation - Essay Example All the stages involved are also discussed as analysed in the theories. This paper gives a detailed discussion of the three theories of human motivation. It discusses the classical theories of motivation and how they are applicable to various businesses. The final section of this paper gives the limitations of using these theories in operation of businesses. A brief comparison between these theories is given by looking at their applications (Jones, et al., 1998, pp.370-398). It also gives insight on how human beings are motivated towards making certain decisions. The theories give an analysis of how several factors influence and motivate individuals to making various decisions. They explain how both favourable and hostile factors drive individuals into reasoning and acting in a given circumstance to satisfy their needs (Thil, et al., 2003, pp.435-465). Motivation is considered as a process by which a person initiates and through personal guidance gets to maintain goal driven behaviours. It is normally the desire for any person to do a given thing and usually with personal reasons. This enables one to focus towards achieving certain goals. Human motivation is normally driven by the urge of satisfying the most pressing needs or wants depending to the various stages of life one is at. One also may be motivated by his surroundings, work being conducted and responsibilities invested in him. Motivation could be intrinsic or extrinsic. Intrinsic motivation is a result of special interests of a person and things he enjoys doing. In this condition the actions that results from this motivation are not as a result of external pressure. This situation happens when an individual has total control in that he is sure and has appropriate skills to accomplish his goals. Extrinsic motivation is a result of external factors which directs ones activi ties towards a particular reward. They are not within

Brand Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Brand Analysis - Essay Example Nike was started in the early 1960s when Phillip Knight, the Chief Executive Officer and William Bowerman, partnered to develop a coach’s idea of manufacturing products that would help to improve the consumers’ performance, who were athletes, on the track (Coucha, 2011). Nike ventured into it with the promise to make possible â€Å"authentic, athletic performance† with their shoes (Schmidt & Chris, 2002). That became their brand promise. The brand image that Nike initially launched was purely an American emblem, associated with high performance, aggressive and innovative top male athletes. These athletes were considered achievers, in line with what Nike intended to present to the consumers (Coucha, 2011). In delivering their product related promise, Nike joined the growing aerobics arena which was influencing the design of shoes towards being more fashionable, albeit less durable. Although other manufacturers were using garments to manufacture shoes for the aerob ics market, Nike stuck to leather, which was more long lasting but considered less fashionable (Kunde, 2002). As part of extending their non tangible promise, Nike took to the corporate scene by embracing the global social responsibility. Initially, it was a reaction to public oppositions relating to their labor practices in Asia. To salvage their image, they changed their corporate labor strategy, campaigning to be the industry leader in worker relations. They refurbished their factories and improved the working conditions on their premises in Asia. Compensation packages for labor were raised and new global standards applied. They created a Corporate Responsibility Division to reflect their intention to care for the ‘World family of Nike† (Schmidt & Chris, 2002). A brand’s perception and recognition are considerably influenced by its visual presentation. For effective visual brand identity to be achieved, the use of particular and consistent visual elements is cr itical (Schmidt & Chris, 2002). To create a distinction, a logo, colors, fonts, and graphic elements are used. In terms of visual identity, Nike’s logo of the â€Å"swoosh† is outstanding and easy to remember by consumers. Globally, there is a 97% recognition and awareness for the Nike logo and brand (Coucha, 2011). This is further propelled by associating themselves with athletic celebrities with similar personalities as the Nike brand. Examples include Michael Jordan the basketball hero and Michael Johnson the sprinter. For the purpose of increasing their relevance in the European market, Nike began associating themselves with famous European sports personalities while maintaining their criteria of selecting names that matched the Nike personality of super achievers. Such names included Eric Cantona and Roberto Mandeni. They also sponsored local, European teams like Borussia Dortmund and Paris saint Germain. This had an appeal that made them a household name in Europ e (Holt, 2004). Advertising strategies were customized to reflect the similarities of European countries with the United States as a means of dealing with the diverse culture differences. As compared to Adidas, the German giants, Nike portrays a more self expressive and emotional personality in its brand image. This gives for a challenging, hardworking and winning mentality with a focus on

Managing Activities To Achieve Results Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Managing Activities To Achieve Results - Essay Example They focus on demand from all over the world, to supply customers with products of a good price. Since it is an innovation based company that focuses on lower and competitive prices and food for all, its structure is a matrix structure. That is, it is divided into departments called functional departments. These include sales and marketing, global supply, research and development and global support functions. Even though these are independent functions, they function together as well, as teams are made to bridge the different departments. This helps bring diverse talent together and benefit the organization as a whole. It also has a culture of being forward looking, passionate and creative, where employees are made to think of new ideas while at the same time understanding that they need to meet deadlines. Employees are also appreciate and rewarded for the work that they do. LO1.2. Process management is when the company increases the effectiveness of the entire processes in Syngenta by applying the knowledge base to all the activities in the organization rather than a specific project so that optimal customer satisfaction can be achieved. The entire business process is included in this process and all the aspects of the organization are made according to the customer’s demand. ... The next step is to model the theories and test out their practicality and workability with a number of variables as situations in the world are dynamic. Execution is the next step and it is used to apply the theoretical concepts in the workplace such as the software or computer applications that allow the workplace to function. Service quality is defined as a comparison of what people are expecting to be delivered or offered and what they actually get offered or what actually is offered to them. If a business is eyeing to remain competitive and as well as a strong customer base, it is vital for them to offer the kind of service quality that is higher than the industry average. The business is able to establish itself as a successful enterprise only when they actually cater to the customers that they are looking for. A customer is always willing to pay as much as demanded when they are offered the equal price in return. The price in return that the customer is looking for is a good r eception of their demands and the fulfillment of their request to the maximum limit. Service quality has two aspects to it, one of them is objective and the other is subjective. The objective part of the service quality relates to the tangible factors, things that are visible while subjective part are the intangibles, things that are only felt or experienced. It is important for the business to be able to distinguish them and hence appear more appealing to their customers. To keep a constant check on the Service Quality that is being provided by them, the Sygentas should design a measurement scale, or predefined criteria that will actually help them judge their own service quality. Every business process also

The Great Gatsby and Daisy Essay Example for Free

The Great Gatsby and Daisy Essay In the novel, The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, there are many characters throughout the story. However, Daisy Buchannon seems to stand out the most to me. She is a beautiful, young girl with many different sides to her personality. She can be innocent, and then she surprises everyone with her promiscuous and careless attitude. Her personality and looks pull in a man named, Jay Gatsby, who unfortunately falls in love. Daisy, soon becomes the central corruption of Gatsby’s American dream which was simply just to be happy until he met the malicious Daisy Buchannon. Daisy is portrayed as a very attractive girl even to the point where her voice caught people off guard as well. Nick says, â€Å"That was it. I’d never understood before. It was full of money-that was the inexhaustible charm that rose and fell in it, the jingle of it, the cymbals’ song of it.. High in a white palace the kings daughter, the golden girl..† (127). This shows that Daisy has a irresistible charm to her that most people attract too, and that she is treated like royalty. However, all of her charm hides the fact that the way she is brought up causing her to be selfish when it comes to most things. As nicks states, â€Å"For Daisy was young and her artificial world was redolent of orchids and pleasant, cheerful snobbery and orchestras..† (158). Daisy is basically in her own little world where everything is handed to her on a silver platter. This is how she has been since she was a child and it has carried through her adulthood. In the beginning of the book, Daisy is shown to be sweet and innocent. Like when she says â€Å"I’d like to just one of those pink clouds and put you in it and push you around† (99). This gives you an idea of Daisy giving a mindless compliment that shows her sweet side. Also, Daisy is often wearing white. Which is color that is associated with purity and innocence. â€Å"She is dressed in white, and had a little white roadster..† (79). This shows that the color can symbolism Daisy’s innocence. Daisy throughout the book soon loses her innocence and shows how promiscuous she can really be. While daisy is married, she begins to have a love affair with Gatsby. Which she chooses to carelessly show and not to disregards what others think of it. For example, â€Å"as he left the room again she got up, and went over to Gatsby, pulling his face down, kissing him on the mouth† (122). She easily got her husband out of the room, so she could continue to show her affection to Gatsby. She even acted as if she didn’t know her husband at all. When Nick scolded Daisy and told her to not bring Tom. Daisy innocently said, â€Å"Who’s tom?†(88). Daisy’s soon proves to not just be promiscuous, but also extremely careless. Gatsby even said, â€Å"She only married you because I was poor† (137). The fact that Daisy left Gatsby and married Tom just for his money shows that she is careless about Toms feelings and takes advantage of him for only his wealth. Even when Daisy and Gatsby get into a car accident and hit poor Myrtle. A couple days after this accident, Nick finds out that â€Å"she and tom had gone away early that afternoon, and taken baggage with them† (172). Daisy is obviously not concerned with the horrible thing she has done and takes off with her husband. As you can see, Daisy Bunchannon appeared to be an innocent girl who fell in love with her old lover. But as the story revolves, her true personality shows and how promiscuous and careless she has proven to be. Her careless mindset causes her to ruin Jay Gatsby’s American dream that was once to be happy and is now ruined by all the money he had spent trying to impress Daisy Bunchannon.

Physico-chemical Properties of Pectin From Jelly Fig

Physico-chemical Properties of Pectin From Jelly Fig Changes in physico-chemical properties of pectin from jelly fig (Ficus awkeotsangMakino) seeds during extraction and gelling Chii-Ming Jiang, Ying-Jang Lai, Bor-Hon Lee, Wei-Hsien Chang, Ming-Chang Wu, Hung-Min Chang Abstract Degree of esterification of pectin from jelly fig (Ficus awkeotsangMakino) achene seeds and the pH value decreased rapidly during extraction, while apparent reduction of free calcium content in the pectin extract was observed at the gelling stage. Compared to those of the native pectin, total ester linkages and methyl ester linkages of pectin extract decreased, and the bound calcium content increased during pectin gelling. However, non-methyl ester linkages (the difference between the total ester linkage and the methyl ester linkage) increased by approximately 40% during pectin gelling, revealing esterification reaction between C6carboxyl groups and hydroxyl groups in the presence of pectinesterase. Scanning electron microscopy showed that pectin fragments from jelly curds were large with flake-like structure, while those from hot (85 °C) ethanol-treated achenes were small and porous. Keywords Pectin; Jelly fig (Ficus awkeotsangMakino) achenes; Jelly curd; Scanning electron microscope; Ester linkage Abstract Volatile essences of Calimyrna, Kadota, and Black Mission and Adriatic figs were prepared by passing large volumes of headspace gas through porous polymer traps at room temperature. The essences were analysed by gas chromatography, utilising wall-coated open-tubular glass capillary columns; structural elucidations were based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Differences between varieties appear to be quantitative rather than qualitative, and are not noticeably greater than differences between samples of the same variety. Compounds identified included acetaldehyde, dimethyl lacetal, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, ethyl alcohol, ethyl propionate, ethyl iso butyrate, propyl acetate, methyl butyrate, isobutyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl-2-methyl butyrate,2-methyl butyl acetate,2-ethyl-1,2-dihydrothiophene, ethyl vale rate and3-hydroxy-2-butanone. Nutritional Values of 14 Fig Species and Bat Feeding Preferences  in Panama: Figs are a critical resource for many tropical frugivores, yet they often are referred to as low quality fruits. To determine their nutritive value, both as a group and for individual species, we analysed 14 fig species from Barro Colorader Island (BCI), Panama, for fiber, tannins, lipids, protein, carbohydrates, amino acids, and minerals. Seeds and pulp were analyzed separately. Fig fruit pulp consisted of about one-third digestible components, mostly carbohydrates with some lipids and proteins. Tannin, lignin, and water-soluble carbohydrates showed considerable variation among species, as did fruit size. Figs contained high amounts of amino acids, such as, lysine, valine, and arginine, and minerals, such as potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, and phosphorus. One species, Ficus insipida, contained the highest concentrations of almost all amino acids, many minerals, and protein. Small figs had as much nutritional value per gram as large figs. Free-standing figs had higher percenta ges of protein, complex carbohydrates, and ash than strangler figs, which had higher percentages of water-soluble carbohydrates, tannins, and hemicellulose. The guild of fruit eating bats on BCI included ten common species with diets dominated by figs. Fecal analyses and captures at ripe fig trees showed a consistent pattern of resource partitioning. Small bats preferentially ate small-fruited and strangler figs  while large bats consumed mostly large-fruited and free-standing figs. Small bats most often ate F. bullenei, which has high levels of lipid and carbohydrates, and F. yoponensis, which has high levels of protein. Medium and large bats most often ate F. insipida, a nutritionally superior species; their second most eaten species was F. obtusifolia, in which the large size may make it efficient to eat. Each bat ate a variety of fig species, supporting the idea that although no single species of fig may be sufficient to sustain frugivores, a mix of fig species can provide a c omplete set of nutrients. Natural occurrence of fumonisin B1 in dried figs as an unexpected hazard Fumonisins produced by several Fusarium species especially by Fusarium verticilloides and Fusarium proliferatum and natural contaminants of corn and corn products all over the world (Jacksonand Jablonski, 2004; Scaff and Scussel, 2004). Fumonisins have been isolated in 1988 from F. verticilloides (formerly F. moniliforme Sheldon MRC 826) which is isolated from corns consumed in Transkei Region of Southern Africa (Gelderblom et al., 1988). Among the fumonisin derivatives, FB1 is the most common one and constitutes about 70–80% of the total fumonisin content of F.verticilloides cultures and naturally contaminated foods. Fumonisin B2 accounts for 15–25% of the total fumonisin, while fumonisin B3 accounts for 3–8% (Rheeder et al., 2002). However F.verticilloides and Fumonisins are found in all corn   Production areas, Fusarium spp. are more dominantly found in warm and dry regions. In addition to corn and corn products, Fumonisins have also been found in wheat and barley (Castella  et al., 1999), beer (Hlywka and Bullerman, 1999; Torres et al., 2001), rice (SCOOP, 2003), sorghum (Jackson and Jablonski, 2004), asparagus (Logrieco et al., 1998; SCOOP, 2003; Liu et al.,2005), black tea (Martins et al., 2001), medical plants (Omurtag  and YazÄ ±cÄ ±ogËËÅ"lu, 2004) and incaparina (Trucksess et al., 2002). Although its effects on human beings have not been clearly determined, it has been found that there may be a positive correlation between human esophageal cancer rates and occurrence of F. verticilloides and fumonisin in diet in Transkei – Southern Africa and Linksian–China (Castella et al., 1999; EHC,2000; Scaff and Scussel, 2004). It has also been determined that FB1 has nephrotoxic,  hepatotoxic and immunosuppressive effects against various ani mal species (EHC, 2000). It has been detected that fumonisins cause leukoencephalomalacia in horses, Porcine Pulmonary Edema and liver cancer in rats (Nelson et al., 1992; Castella et al., 1999; Scaff and Scussel, 2004). Fumonisins have been classified as a possible human carcinogen (Group 2B) by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) according to findings obtained from test  animals (IARC, 1993). Furthermore, tolerable daily intake (TDI) for fumonisin B1, B2 and B3 determined by European Commission- Scientific Committee on Food is 2 lg/kg body weight (SCF, 2003). Dried fig, very nutritional and a healthy food, is one of the most widely produced fruits in the world. Dried figs can be consumed directly, or as fig paste in production of different desserts and candies. Dried figs are the only known fruit that is allowed to fully ripen and semidry on the tree (Desai and Kotecha, 1995; Drusch and Ragab, 2003) Turkey is ranked first in dried fig exporting countries with approximately 52,600 tons of dried figs in 2005, equivalent to 52% of world’s dried fig exports (FAO, 2007). Dried figs are produced mainly in the Aegean Region in the western part of Turkey. Dried figs are a high risk commodity among dried fruits. Occurrence of aflatoxins (Iamanaka et al., 2007) and ochratoxin A (KarbancÄ ±oglu- Guler and Heperkan, 2008) in dried figs have been  previously determined. The temperature in Aegean Region duringthe ripening, harvesting and drying of figs are favourable for mould.

Affirmative Action Violates Constitutional Rights Essay -- Argumentati

Affirmative Action Violates Constitutional Rights In 2003, the United States Supreme Court will hear two affirmative action cases. Each is dealing with the actions of the admissions office of the University of Michigan. The cases, Gratz v. Bollinger and Grutter v. Bollinger, have been called "this generation's Brown v. Board of Education." (Montoya.) These cases have much hanging in their mists, "The outcome of †¦ affirmative action cases will determine whether our society moves forward towards greater equality or backwards to resegregation [sic] and greater inequality"("New†¦"). Affirmative action which is, as defined by Webster's II New College Dictionary, "A policy or program that seeks to redress past discrimination by increasing opportunities for underrepresented groups, as in employment." Affirmative action not only increases opportunities for women and minorities it decreases opportunities for white men. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. - Amendment XIV, section one The U.S. Constitution is clear, the privileges and immunities will not be decreased, and states can not deny any person in its jurisdiction equality. Affirmative action lessens the immunities of white men; they are no longer guaranteed an "equal opportunity employer." White men who are in the jurisdiction of the United States are denied equality. This is proved by the fact that qualifications are not the top reason for whom is hired, instead the main reason white men are turned down, when ... ...//clinton2.nara.gov/WH/EOP/ OP/html/aa/aa02.html> Stephanopoulos, George, and Christopher Edley, Jr. "OTHER FEDERAL POLICIES: THE FCC AND THE DEPARTMENTS OF TREASURY AND AGRICULTURE." Affirmative Action Review Report to the President. 19 July 1995. 16 Dec. 2002 <http://clinton2.nara.gov/WH/EOP/OP/html/aa/aa11.html> Stephanopoulos, George, and Christopher Edley, Jr. "Letter to the President." Affirmative Action Review Report to the President. 19 July 1995. 16 Dec. 2002 <http://clinton2.nara.gov/WH/EOP/OP/html/aa/aa-lett.html> United States. Department of Justice. "MEMORANDUM TO GENERAL COUNSELS." Washington, D.C: Office of Legal Counsel. 28 June 1995. <http://clinton2.nara.gov/WH/EOP/OP/html/aa/ap-b.html> United States. The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. "The Civil Rights Act of 1964." 15 Jan. 1997 <http://www.eeoc.gov/laws/vii.html>   

History of Punjab: State of Sikh Religion :: World History

History of Punjab: State of Sikh Religion Punjab, state in northwestern India,bordered on the north by Jammu and Kashmir state and Himachal Pradesh state, on the east and south by Haryana state, on the south and southwest by Rajasthan state, and on the west by Pakistan. Punjab state lies between the great systems of the Indus and Ganges river. Punjab had a population of 20,281,969. Chandà ®garh is the state capital. The population of Punjab consists mainly of Punjabis, Jats, and Rajputs. The official language is Punjabi. The majority of the population is Sikh, the largest minority is Hindu, and a very small percentage is Muslim, Buddhist, Christian, or Jain. 59% of Punjab population is literate. Universities located in the state include Guru Nanak Dev University in Amritsar, Punjab Agricultural University in Ludhiana, and Punjabi University in Patiala. More than 80 percent of Punjab is cultivated, and farming is the leading occupation. The major crops are wheat, maize, rice, pulses, sugarcane, and cotton.The industries include the manufacture of textiles, sewing machines, sporting goods, starch, fertilizers, bicycles, scientific instruments, electrical goods, and machine tools, and the processing of sugar and pine oil. I am proud to be Punjabi because of pure and rich culture of that state. Punjabis' are famous all around the world and can be easily found in any corner of the world. ANCIENT CIVILIZATION: Punjab is the birth place of Indus Valley Civilization, which is more than 4000 years old. Harappa and Mohenjodaro civilization, along the banks of the Indus in Punjab is also the most ancient and famous civilization in the world history. Punjab is also the birth place of many Saints belong to Sikh and Hindu religion. Aryan Migration: During ancient Punjab takes small scale migrations by the Aryans from the North-West (1500-100 BC). The next thousand year they live in Punjab, they settled never Indus Basin where the oldest books of human history called the Rig-Vedas are supposed to have been written. The language of Aryans was Sanskrit. Persian Rule: Punjab shared lot of history with great Persian empires. Punjab came under their control from time to time. Darius the great, the Persian king attacked Punjab and occupied many parts of Punjab. At last the Punjab was full invaded by the Persian King Gustasp in 516 BC. Punjab became the wealthiest Satrapy i.e., the province in the Persian kingdom. Punjab became the heart of the Persian Empire.

Generational Differences at the Workplace

The article that I have chosen for my assignment is called â€Å"Generational differences in the workplace: personal values, behaviors, and popular beliefs. † It was published recently in the Journal of Diversity Management. The main purpose of this paper was to identify the most significant differences between three generations of present employees: Baby Boomers, Gen X and Gen Y, using popular and academic literature. These differences were then analyzed using the results of the Rokeach Value Survey, which included 5057 interviews with people from every group. According to the results, the information received from the research was very similar to other widely-spread opinions on this topic. The differences found between these three generations were quite typical and this implies that managers have not only to remember about such age-specific diversity but put a lot of efforts to be able to successfully hire and retain employees from every above-mentioned group. People from these generations usually see the world in a very different way as they have been influenced by different factors during the age of making up of their personality. That is why they should be managed in specific ways, adjusted to their core values and desires and some of the possible ways are considered in the closing part of this article. Main part: According to Manheim (1953) a generation can be defined as a group of people born and raised in the same general chronological, social and historical context. Nowadays, many companies are faced with challenging problems concerning the rising amount of conflicts in the workplace between people of different age. This is one of the obstacles of the generation diversity, that should be treated very carefully as it has an enormous impact on the social life of any company. The article offers us a survey conducted among 5057 employees of various age in order to understand the principal distinctions between three generations, to better realize their core values, beliefs and expectations from life and, what is more important for the employers – their expectations from their jobs. As it was already mentioned in the Introduction these three generations are the Baby Boomers (born 1946-1964), Generation X (born 1965-80) and Generation Y (born since 1980). Baby Boomers present the largest group of employees nowadays. These are people who mostly rejected their parents' values in their earlier years. According to Loyalty Factor President Dianne Durkin â€Å"They invented work as self-fulfillment and proving themselves, and have defined themselves by their careers† (ref. â„â€" 4). Usually they can be described as self-absorbed, loyal and competitive workaholics. They usually have leading roles in the company, holding top-level management positions. In addition to this they are competent, effective but usually have quite conservative type of thinking and do not like to accept any changes. Generation X people are mostly very confident and independent, as the environment where they were brought-up had changed a lot. These children usually came home after school alone as their parents were working the whole day. And this was one of the main factors that led to the creation of a freedom-loving and self-reliant generation. According to the article â€Å"Managing Different Generations at Work† (ref. â„â€" 3) these people view work just as a job. They work to live, not on the contrary and they want to balance their lives. That is why they need to be given freedom and autonomy, maybe some support, but not the guidance. A clear mission and well-defined goals should be created for Xers. They are very cynical by nature and are usually not concerned with the words like loyalty and trust that is why they tend to change jobs very often. Probably the most interesting generation of these three is the last one – Generation Y, as these young people represent the future. This generation was brought-up on computers, internet and TV programs. They are optimistic, realistic, globally aware and easily accept diversity and innovations. According to the article â€Å"Get ready for a new type of worker in the workplace: the net generation† by MarkL. AIch, Ph. D (ref â„â€" 6) the members of the newest generation hold respect for people who can demonstrate expertise and knowledge, but not just thanks to someone’s rang or age. They are more interested in utilizing their expertise and skills, want to participate in decision making and have a need to collaborate and to establish an interconnectivity with others. This may also be confirmed by the article â€Å"Managing Generation Y† by Rick Weber (ref â„â€" 12) where he states that these people feel great about themselves. And when you think about how to prepare the next generation to move into leadership roles they are already thinking about buying the company. They also want to learn from others, because they are curious. So the best way to retain these young talents is to spend time in guiding, directing, and supporting them, and giving them the wisdom they cannot get from anywhere else. It is interesting to see some peculiarities in the results of the Rokeach Value Survey mentioned in the given article. According to its results, Family Security and Health are on the first two positions for every generation. Freedom is very important for both X and Y generations, but is quite insignificant for the Boomers. Gen X’s value for pleasure is higher than others, and Gen Y ranked Independence much higher than two other generations. Other significant differences in ranking preferences include Open-mindedness which has a very low position in the Boomers’ rank. As we can observe now, the results from the survey correlate strongly with a general description of every generation. Thus, we can state that there are some typical differences between Baby Boomers generation, Generation X and Generation Y which should obviously be taken into account by the managers who have to deal with employees from these various groups. They need to know what their workers want, what they need and how to occupy them as this is essential for the successful and effective work of the whole company. Implications: For sure, there are many challenges created by having multiple generations in the workplace, but if the correct approaches could be found, the goal of creating an efficient, effective and sustainable business model that uses the best qualities within each of the three generations can be achieved. Baby boomers are characterized as loyal hard workers usually taking high positions. They can be probably motivated by money, promotion options and social approval. Referring to the article â€Å"Managing Baby Boomers† by D. Quinn Mills and Mark D Cannon (ref â„â€" 8) this generation can be attracted and motivated by several approaches. First, it is important for managers to be sensitive to employees’ needs and interests and provide the variety of challenges and experiences to keep the job interesting. Another good tip is to treat them as professional because Baby Boomers usually consider themselves professionals and want to be respected for their individual skills. They like to have responsible tasks and have opportunities for further development. Some other steps could be to create individually oriented reward system, to provide opportunities to develop relationships adopt a more participative management style and try to reduce conflict through understanding. The distinctive features of Generation X are their independence, self-reliance and lack of trust. That is why managers should try to make their work more meaningful and fun. According to the article â€Å"Managing our future: The generation X factor† by Gary O’Bannon (ref â„â€" 9) managers need to support Xers’ style of thinking, learning and communicating, and respect the unique perspective they bring to the workplace. Maybe Xers should be granted more day-to-day autonomy and enough creative responsibility to imagine problems in their own terms. Here I would like to give an example of a global management consultant company Accenture (ref. â„â€" 11) that realized how time flexibility may significantly increase the level of satisfaction of their workers. For that reason they introduced an idea of Future Leave which gives the employees a possibility once in three years to take 1 to 3 months of self-funded sabbatical and use it as they wish. Some similar steps may be undertaken to satisfy Generation X’s necessity in independence, because it gives them time to rethink their values and feel more comfortable and appreciated. The Generation Y is raised on computers and constant changes in the world. Therefore they need to satisfy their high ambitions, curiosity and need of innovation. Referring to the article â€Å"The Net Generation Takes the Lead† (ref. 10) the trend in the companies should be toward networks, not hierarchies, toward open collaboration rather than command, toward consensus rather than arbitrary rule, and toward enablement rather than control. Learning has to be part of work and these people should always be given the possibility to offer new ideas, to innovate. They should be given interesting and challenging tasks, and in addition to this their opinion should be appreciated as they will never stay in a place where they do not have right to participate in decision-making and add value in the future of the company. However, simply because people are from same generation does not automatically mean they will all share the same generational characteristics. That is why managers should treat every person individually, based on who this person really is, but not on whom he or she should be according to their belonging to any kind of groups or generations. Only doing that way, the company will be able to manage diversity in a right way.

The Effect Of Population Growth

Population is the largest increasing factor in our world. This factor is the cause of many events in our world. Poverty hunger and war are just some of the immediate effects of increasing population. Among these extreme causes the less immediate events will be seen with air pollution, land degradation, which is the effect that’ll have the longest term effect on the world. But how can these events are avoided? Is there any hope of stopping this from occurring any further? The largest, most identified reason for pollution could be mans technological advancements.Theses advancements such as those in agriculture, and those for transportation took a huge leap during a period in man called the industrial revolution. This period of time began the infectious state the world is in today. Around the early 18th century man had began the need for more things, which in this time was impossible with current methods of doing things. This began to change with the idea of mass production, this concluded in the establishment of large factories filled with hundreds of workers. These factories held the most advanced technology that increased time of production.Theses factories would produce so much fumes that snow and rain came in black droppings. The water was beyond consumable, this kind of behavior only increased over the next century when several parts of the world began their way into industrialization. But besides the factories them self the new form of work out rural areas out of business causing the need for migration to new urban areas better known as cities. These sites were far from sanitary the streets pilled with garbage which couldn’t be controlled without proper sanitation.The questions on the impact that man has put on the earth are seen every day in various ways some unseen to the naked eye but can be physically recorded. One well known example of the human footprint would be the increasing threat air pollution. The known causes of air pollution woul d the everyday events such as millions of car releasing exhaust fuels into the air. Fumes from car exhaust contain dangerous gases such as carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen, hydrocarbons and particulates. Major causes of air pollution would be from the emissions from industries and manufacturing activities.Waste incinerators, manufacturing industries and power plants emit high levels of carbon monoxide, organic compounds, and chemicals into the air. This happens almost everywhere that people live. Petroleum refineries also release lots of hydrocarbons into the air. The other well-known contributor to air pollution is the burning of fossil fuels, which aside from air pollution is major concern for the amount of possible fossil fuels reaming. Now a not so well known addition to air pollution is the household and agricultural chemicals.Crop dusting, fumigating homes, household cleaning products or painting supplies, over the counter insect/pest killers, fertilizer dust emit harmful c hemicals into the air and cause pollution. In many case, when we use these chemicals at home or offices with no or little ventilation, we may fall ill if we breathe them. Air pollution particles eventually fall back to Earth. Air pollution can directly contaminate the surface of bodies of water and soil. This can kill crops or reduce their yield. It can kill young trees and other plants.Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide particles in the air can create acid rain when they mix with water and oxygen in the atmosphere. These air pollutants come mostly from coal-fired power plants and motor vehicles. When acid rain falls to Earth, it damages plants by changing soil composition; degrades water quality in rivers, lakes and streams; damages crops; and can cause buildings and monuments to decay. The effects of human productivity, not only has an effect on our air but its damages the earth itself and the creature inhabiting it including humans.Short-term effects, which are temporary, include illnesses such as pneumonia or bronchitis. They also include discomfort such as irritation to the nose, throat, eyes, or skin. Air pollution can also cause headaches, dizziness, and nausea. Long-term effects of air pollution can last for years or for an entire lifetime. They can even lead to a person's death. Long-term health effects from air pollution include heart disease, lung cancer, and respiratory diseases such as emphysema. Air pollution can also cause long-term damage to people’s nerves, brain, kidneys, liver, and other organs.Some scientists suspect air pollutants cause birth defects. Nearly 2. 5 million people die worldwide each year from the effects of outdoor or indoor air pollution. People react differently to different types of air pollution. Young children and older adults, whose immune systems tend to be weaker, are often more sensitive to pollution. Conditions such as asthma, heart disease, and lung disease can be made worse by exposure to air pollution. Air pollutants called chlorofluorocarbons (or CFCs) have destroyed parts of the ozone layer.The ozone layer, located in the stratosphere layer of Earth's atmosphere, shields our planet from the Sun's ultraviolet radiation. The areas of thin ozone are called ozone holes. Ultraviolet radiation causes skin cancer and damages plants and wildlife. Ozone molecules wind up near the Earth's surface as a part of air pollution. Ozone molecules near the ground damages lung tissues of animals and prevent plant respiration by blocking the openings in leaves where respiration occurs. Without respiration, a plant is not able to photosynthesize at a high rate and so it will not be able to grow.Apart from the effects living organism face with air pollution the earth is becoming less stable for life, these effects are known as global warming which is destroying the very structure of earth that sustains life. Global warming is an environmental phenomenon caused by natural and anthropogenic air pollution. It refers to rising air and ocean temperatures around the world. This temperature rise is at least partially caused by an increase in the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Greenhouse gases trap heat energy in the Earth’s atmosphere.Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that has had the biggest effect on global warming. Other greenhouse gases emitted by natural and artificial sources also include methane, nitrous oxide, and fluorinated gases. Methane is a major emission from coal plants and agricultural processes. Nitrous oxide is a common emission from industrial factories, agriculture, and the burning of fossil fuels in cars. Fluorinated gases, such as hydrofluorocarbons, are emitted by industry. Fluorinated gases are often used instead of gases such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). CFCs have been outlawed in many places because they deplete the ozone layer.These continuing air problems are only small compared to problems that can be seen. Water already being a scarce resource in many countries is also affected by the pollution of mankind that has harsh outcomes for people, the environment and its wildlife. We rely on clean water to survive, yet right now we are heading towards a water crisis. Changing climate patterns are threatening lakes and rivers, and key sources that we tap for drinking water are being overdrawn or tainted with pollution. As technology improves, scientists are able to detect more pollutants, and at smaller concentrations, in Earth’s freshwater bodies.Containing traces of pollution ranging from birth control pills, sunscreen to pesticides and petroleum, our planet's lakes, rivers, streams, and groundwater chemical mixture. Beyond synthetic pollution, freshwater is also the end point for biological waste, in the form of human sewage, animal excrement, and rainwater runoff flavored by nutrient-rich fertilizers from yards and farms. These nutrients find their way through river systems into seas, sometimes creating coast al ocean zones void of oxygen—and therefore aquatic life—and making the connection between land and sea painfully obvious.There have been countless reports of the effects water pollution has caused. An article published by Dawn Walls-Thumma talk about the water pollution. â€Å"Mississippi River, poisoning the water in the Gulf of Mexico and causing an 8,000-square-mile dead zone — an area roughly the size of New Jersey — in which aquatic life cannot survive. † This is showing the connection between developed countries and developing ones are closely interacted when it comes to environmental health.Drinking water comes from surface water, such as lakes and rivers, and from groundwater Pollution in these sources affects the quality and safety of water available in your home and, if the problem is not detected, it can affect your health. Pollution of drinking water occurs because of contamination by human and animal waste, mining activities, fertiliz er and pesticides from homes and farms, industrial wastes, hazardous wastes generated by dry cleaners and gas stations, landfills and improperly disposed-of household wastes. Pollution with sewage or manure runoff can cause microbial contamination of drinking water.This results in gastrointestinal diseases that can be fatal in high risk individuals. Nitrates — chemicals used in synthetic fertilizers — can leach into groundwater or run off into surface waters. While most individuals suffer no adverse effects from high levels of nitrates, infants cannot convert them into a harmless substance; if they consume nitrates, they can die from blue baby syndrome, a disorder in which the blood cannot properly carry oxygen. Infants, young children, pregnant and nursing women and some elderly individuals are most at risk for nitrate poisoning.Increased demand for agriculture commodities generates incentives to convert forests and grasslands to farm fields and pastures. The transiti on to agriculture from natural vegetation often cannot hold onto the soil and many of these plants, such as coffee, cotton, palm oil, soybean and wheat, can actually increase soil erosion beyond the soil’s ability to maintain it. The effects of soil erosion go beyond the loss of fertile land. It has led to increased pollution and sedimentation in streams and rivers, clogging these waterways and causing declines in fish and other species.And degraded lands are also often less able to hold onto water, which can worsen flooding. Sustainable land use can help to reduce the impacts of agriculture and livestock, preventing soil degradation and erosion and the loss of valuable land to desertification. The conditions of human life causing pollution is putting an ne to the earth’s life, with increasing populations and developing cities the world will not be able to last past the next generation. The only way we can continue to enjoy our earth is by finding and following the sol utions to these environmental problems.Air pollution to combat pollution in the United States, the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1970 gave the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) the authority to establish and enforce air pollution standards and to set emission standards for new factories and extremely hazardous industrial pollutants. The states were required to meet â€Å"ambient air quality standards† by regulating the emissions of various pollutants from existing stationary sources, such as power plants and incinerators, in part by the installation of smokestack scrubbers, electrostatic precipitators, and other filters.Auto manufacturers were mandated to install exhaust controls or develop less polluting engines. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1977, authorized the EPA to impose stricter pollution standards and higher penalties for failure to comply with air quality standards. another well needed policy revision is the Clean up oceangoing vessels. Cruise ships, container ships and tankers emit staggering amounts of smog-forming nitrous oxides, sulfur dioxide, heat-trapping carbon dioxide and particulates, among them black carbon (soot). New evidence shows that pollution from these vessels reaches surprisingly far inland.The U. S. government has requested that the International Maritime Organization (IMO) create an â€Å"emissions-control area† in American waters, including off Alaska and Hawaii. Although the U. S. signed the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, it cannot enforce those requirements until the IMO grants the right to create the control areas along its coastlines. Water pollution solutions are something that everyone can do to help prevent further pollution. Do not keep the tap running when not in use. Also, you can reduce the amount of water you use in washing and bathing.If we all do this, we can significantly prevent water shortages and reduces the amount of dirty water that needs treatment. Do not throw chemicals, oils, paints and medicines down the sink drain, or the toilet. In many cities, your local environment office can help with the disposal of medicines and chemicals. If you use chemicals and pesticides for your gardens and farms, be mindful not to overuse pesticides and fertilizers. This will reduce runoffs of the material into nearby water sources. With soil degradation the best way is to grow leguminous plants.We should use natural manure instead of fertilizers. Legumes are notable in that most of them have symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria in structures called root nodules. The world is a far off better place without the constant rising pollution and all it would take is a decrease in the living standards of people in developed countries. The use of less water and care products that’s add to water pollution driving cars that run on fossil fuels worsening our air quality and the chemical ways of farming in addition to the draining of resources.

Why srotytelling for brands is important Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Why srotytelling for brands is important - Essay Example From this, it follows that a brand story is more than mere content; it goes far beyond it. Overall, a brand story is a narrative that defines the brand itself and presents the strategy of the company. Also, as Bernadette Jiwa puts it, it is a â€Å"complete picture made up of facts, feelings, and interpretations†, which means it is the story created not only by the company itself but by its customers as well. The majority of brands do need brand stories to survive in the marketplace. Today, we live in the world, in which everybody tries to be better, faster, and stronger than others. This also applies to the marketplace where companies usually swim against the stream in the sea of a boundless content. Because of this, a brand story is what a brand needs in order not only to stay afloat but to come in first and be chosen among others. As Mark Di Somma writes in his article, â€Å"Without a storyline, a product just is that†. In fact, a truer word was never spoken. A storyline is needed to help consumers differentiate between what they are offered and choose what they want based not only on the functionality of a product for there are numbers of products, which are only the versions of one and the same thing. These days, any type of media can be chosen to tell a story of a brand, such as print, social networking websites, film, blogs etc. Each of them causes different reactions of t he audience; consequently, stories should be optimized to fit both the medium and the audience. A good example of a company with an effective brand story is Nike. As it is seen from its campaigns, the company does not sell just shoes or clothes. It rather sells attitude. In addition to this, the company creates a community around what they promote and sell. The Lego Story is also a good example of well-created story narrated by animated characters. The video shows the founder as well as the values of the company and its commitment to children. Finally, it is Jack Daniel’s

Deontological Ethics Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Deontological Ethics Case Study - Essay Example Company officials failed to map out civilian farms to be avoided despite the US Congress approving the discriminate use of harmful herbicides in the region (Lawson, 2001). As a result, approximately 10,000 natives of the region suffered from severe health complication. In addition, an immense loss of livestock and agricultural produce occurred. Dyncorp faced further disgrace in 2005 when allegations made by a whistleblower named Ben Johnston surfaced. He claimed that Dyncorp soldiers engaged in inhumane acts of trafficking, forceful prostitution with minors when on contract in Bosnia (Dowbenko, 2002). Deontological implications of the ethical problem A quick glance into the background of PMCs operating within the US indicates that these companies generate billions in their annual revenues; for example, Dyncorp’s revenues are about 3 billion yet it is a medium-sized company in this field (Dyncorp, 2012). Governments rely on the protection and military services offered by these firms when the country’s army has been deployed to attend to other pressing matters (Dyncorp, 2012). The running of these companies remains independent from the government because the stakeholders are private entities. The deontological implications of the ethical problem posed by Dyncorp revolve around the duty of the company to their clients and the people living within the affected region. Dyncorp’s duty to the government involved the company ensuring that the curtailing of drug production through the destruction of drug plantations (Dowbenko, 2007). Nonetheless, the company had a moral obligation to the inhabitants of the region to differentiate the drug plantations from the crop plantations. Disregarding their duty to the inhabitants of the region proves to be unethical and is an indication of poor corporate social responsibility policies (Lawson, 2001). Dyncorp disregarded the safety of human life led to the indiscriminate application of herbicides within the reg ion, therefore, defying different deontological principles (Dowbenko, 2002). The company’s incompetent actions fail to meet the standard set by the categorical imperative principle posited by Immanuel Kant (Stanford, 2007). The categorical imperative advances that an action or decision made ought to be universal in nature, meaning, it can be applied in similar circumstances because it qualifies as a universal rule or law. Negligent behavior is also wrong because it pays little regard to the concept of duty or moral obligation, which is the core concept of deontology ethics (Stanford, 2007). In addition, the company’s involvement in inhumane acts against underage children, in Bosnia, shows failure of the company to adhere to their moral obligations to their duties. a) Resolution of the problem; b)do you agree with the resolutions; c) Whether the problem was resolved consistent with the principles of deontological ethics Resolution of the problem involved efforts made by both the government and the company’s managerial board. The government imposed limitations on the jurisdiction of Dyncorp when serving in the capacity of hired soldiers when operating in foreign lands. The government also cautioned company officials to avoid negligent behavior when carrying out their services (Dowbenko, 2002). The US Department of Defense in 2005 drafted a proposal, which prohibited the involvement of military contractors in human trafficking, forced labor and prostitution (Dowbenko,

Employment Law Compliance (Principles and Strategies) Essay - 1

Employment Law Compliance (Principles and Strategies) - Essay Example ts Act of 1964 applies to all businesses with fifteen or more employees; while most businesses will fall into this category, there are some small businesses that may employ fewer than fifteen employees (McGraw-Hill, 2013). The same is similar for the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) as it applies to businesses with more than 25 employees (McGraw-Hill, 2013). The size and expanse of a business may also change the laws and regulations that apply to it. A medium size business will not only have to comply with federal laws but also the state and local laws that apply to each area that the business is located in. For example, Arizona enforces a different minimum wage requirement than does Michigan, as do many states. Oftentimes a states’ minimum wage law will depend on the cost of living in that area; it is important for a business to know what these wage requirements are to ensure compliance with employees’ wages. Also, other laws also have state specifics that expand on federal laws. Referring again to Arizona, the Legal Arizona Workers Act (LAWA) is an expansion to the Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) which states that it is illegal to hire or retain an employee that is considered to be an illegal alien within the United States (McGraw-Hill, 2013). LAWA further requires that all employers use the E-verify system, a free web-based system to verify employment, to determine the hiring ability of a candidate (Arizona Senate Research Staff, 2013). These state specific laws would only be applicable to those businesses that reside or partake in business within said state; therefore they would only apply to a small business if they were in a given state, and then to those medium and large businesses that have expanded into those areas with specific mandates. It is important for a business to comply with all laws and regulations that apply to a business to ensure penalties are avoided. Finally, large businesses have the broadest of laws to comply with. Many